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Zoology > Cells > Flashcards

Cells Flashcards

1
Q

Discovered Fluid Mosaic Structure

A

Singer & Nicolson

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2
Q

Two components of a phospholipid bilayer

A

Hydrophilic head and hydrophobic head

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3
Q

Four biomolecules in the body

A

Proteins
Carbohydrates
Lipids
Nucleic acid

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4
Q

Three types of proteins in the phospholipid bilayer

A

Intrinsic/integral proteins
Extrinsic/peripheral proteins
lipid-anchored proteins

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5
Q

Four components of the plasma membrane

A

Phospholipid bilayer
Proteins
Sugars
Sterol (for Eukaryotes and some bacteria)

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6
Q

First membrane model by Danielli & Davson

A

Sandwich model

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7
Q

Both hydrophobic & hydrophilic

A

Amphiphatic

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8
Q

Differentiate saturated from unsaturated (double bonds)

A

saturated- no double bonds

unsaturated- with double bonds

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9
Q

Components of a phospholipid

A

phosphate
glycerol
long hydrocarbon chain

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10
Q

Difference between animal fat and plant oil

A

animal fat has cholesterol

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11
Q

“Cell wall” in animal cells

A

Extracellular Matrix (ECM)

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12
Q

Four functions of the plasma membrane

A
  1. Boundary of the cell
  2. Transport
  3. Signal Transduction
  4. Intercellular interactions
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13
Q

Passive transport or Diffusion

A

Higher concentration to lower concentration

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14
Q

Why is Diffusion a passive transport?

A

Because it doesn’t need metabolic energy

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15
Q

Simple Diffusion

A

Transport of molecules without proteins

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16
Q

Two criteria for simple diffusion

A
  • Hydrophobic (gases, nonpolar)

- Polar, small, not charged

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17
Q

Two criteria for facilitated diffusion

A
  • requires transport proteins

- Polar, charged, large

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18
Q

Active transport

A

low concentration to high concentration

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19
Q

Why is it active transport?

A

it needs metabolic energy

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20
Q

How many membrane does a nuclear membrane have?

A

2

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21
Q

Central Dogma

A

replication -> transcription -> translation

22
Q

Contains information or blueprint for cell structures

A

Deoxyribonucleic acid

23
Q

What molecule synthesize lipids and carbohydrates?

A

Enzymes

24
Q

Where does replication of DNA occur?

A

Inside the nucleus

25
Q

Where does transcription of DNA occur?

A

Inside the nucleus

26
Q

Where does translation occur?

A

Nuclear pore to cytoplasm

27
Q

Components of Endomembrane System

A

Nuclear membrane
Endoplasmic Reticulum
Golgi Apparatus
Lysosomes

28
Q

Three functions of Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum

A
  • protein synthesis
  • adds sugar to polypeptide
  • degrades defective proteins
29
Q

Two functions of Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum

A
  • lipid synthesis

- detoxification

30
Q

Three components of Golgi Apparatus and their location

A

Cis golgi - near RER
Medial golgi - middle
Trans golgi - near plasma membrane

31
Q

Four functions of Golgi Apparatus

A
  1. Sugars of glycoproteins are modified
  2. Packaging of synthesized molecules
  3. Targeting of molecules to different destinations
  4. Carbohydrate synthesis
32
Q

How many membrane does a Lysosome have?

A

Single membrane

33
Q

What is the optimum pH inside the Lysosome for it to function?

A

5-5.5

34
Q

Component of Lysosome that maintains the optimum pH

A

Hydrolitic enzymes or acid hydrolase

35
Q

Why is Lysosome “suicide bag” of the cell?

A

it can kill the cell

36
Q

Three functions of Lysosomes

A
  1. Digestion of food particles
  2. Microorganism
  3. Breakdown of old/damaged organelles (autophagy)
37
Q

Two functions of ribosomes

A
  • protein synthesis

- translation of mRNA

38
Q

Ribosomes can be found in ____, ____, ____, ____

A

RER
cytosol
mitochondria
chloroplasts

39
Q

How many membrane does a mitochondrion have?

A

2

40
Q

Folds inside the mitochondrion

A

cristae

41
Q

Function of mitochondrion

A

Powerhouse of the cell

42
Q

What does a Peroxisome produce?

A

H2O2

43
Q

Composed of gene coding for the different rRNA

A

Nucleolus

44
Q

Three types of cytoskeleton

A
  1. Intermediate filament
  2. Microfilament (actin filament)
  3. Microtubules
45
Q

Type of cytoskeleton that makes up cilia/flagella, provide cell motility, assist chromosome movement in cell division, assist in movement of vesicles

A

Microtubule

46
Q

Type of cytoskeleton than assist in muscle contraction, changes in cell shape, cytoplasmic streaming, cell division

A

Microfilament

47
Q

Type of cytoskeleton that assist in anchorage of cell nucleus and certain organelles, formation of nuclear lamina

A

Intermediate filament

48
Q

Extracellular component that allow molecules to pass through

A

Gap junctions

49
Q

Extracellular component that is tightly attached to each other to prevent molecules to be transported between the cells

A

Tight junctions

50
Q

Extracellular component that adds strength and also called anchoring/adhering junction

A

Desmosomes

Zoology (3 decks)

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