Cells

Question 1

Discovered Fluid Mosaic Structure

Answer 1

Singer & Nicolson

Question 2

Two components of a phospholipid bilayer

Answer 2

Hydrophilic head and hydrophobic head

Question 3

Four biomolecules in the body

Answer 3

Proteins
Carbohydrates
Lipids
Nucleic acid

Question 4

Three types of proteins in the phospholipid bilayer

Answer 4

Intrinsic/integral proteins
Extrinsic/peripheral proteins
lipid-anchored proteins

Question 5

Four components of the plasma membrane

Answer 5

Phospholipid bilayer
Proteins
Sugars
Sterol (for Eukaryotes and some bacteria)

Question 6

First membrane model by Danielli & Davson

Answer 6

Sandwich model

Question 7

Both hydrophobic & hydrophilic

Answer 7

Amphiphatic

Question 8

Differentiate saturated from unsaturated (double bonds)

Answer 8

saturated- no double bonds

unsaturated- with double bonds

Question 9

Components of a phospholipid

Answer 9

phosphate
glycerol
long hydrocarbon chain

Question 10

Difference between animal fat and plant oil

Answer 10

animal fat has cholesterol

Question 11

“Cell wall” in animal cells

Answer 11

Extracellular Matrix (ECM)

Question 12

Four functions of the plasma membrane

Answer 12

1. Boundary of the cell
2. Transport
3. Signal Transduction
4. Intercellular interactions

Question 13

Passive transport or Diffusion

Answer 13

Higher concentration to lower concentration

Question 14

Why is Diffusion a passive transport?

Answer 14

Because it doesn’t need metabolic energy

Question 15

Simple Diffusion

Answer 15

Transport of molecules without proteins

Question 16

Two criteria for simple diffusion

Answer 16

• Hydrophobic (gases, nonpolar)

- Polar, small, not charged

Question 17

Two criteria for facilitated diffusion

Answer 17

• requires transport proteins

- Polar, charged, large

Question 18

Active transport

Answer 18

low concentration to high concentration

Question 19

Why is it active transport?

Answer 19

it needs metabolic energy

Question 20

How many membrane does a nuclear membrane have?

Answer 20

2

Question 21

Central Dogma

Answer 21

replication -> transcription -> translation

Question 22

Contains information or blueprint for cell structures

Answer 22

Deoxyribonucleic acid

Question 23

What molecule synthesize lipids and carbohydrates?

Answer 23

Enzymes

Question 24

Where does replication of DNA occur?

Answer 24

Inside the nucleus

Question 25

Where does transcription of DNA occur?

Answer 25

Inside the nucleus

Question 26

Where does translation occur?

Answer 26

Nuclear pore to cytoplasm

Question 27

Components of Endomembrane System

Answer 27

Nuclear membrane Endoplasmic Reticulum Golgi Apparatus Lysosomes

Question 28

Three functions of Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum

Answer 28

- protein synthesis - adds sugar to polypeptide - degrades defective proteins

Question 29

Two functions of Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum

Answer 29

- lipid synthesis | - detoxification

Question 30

Three components of Golgi Apparatus and their location

Answer 30

Cis golgi - near RER Medial golgi - middle Trans golgi - near plasma membrane

Question 31

Four functions of Golgi Apparatus

Answer 31

1. Sugars of glycoproteins are modified 2. Packaging of synthesized molecules 3. Targeting of molecules to different destinations 4. Carbohydrate synthesis

Question 32

How many membrane does a Lysosome have?

Answer 32

Single membrane

Question 33

What is the optimum pH inside the Lysosome for it to function?

Answer 33

5-5.5

Question 34

Component of Lysosome that maintains the optimum pH

Answer 34

Hydrolitic enzymes or acid hydrolase

Question 35

Why is Lysosome "suicide bag" of the cell?

Answer 35

it can kill the cell

Question 36

Three functions of Lysosomes

Answer 36

1. Digestion of food particles 2. Microorganism 3. Breakdown of old/damaged organelles (autophagy)

Question 37

Two functions of ribosomes

Answer 37

- protein synthesis | - translation of mRNA

Question 38

Ribosomes can be found in ____, ____, ____, ____

Answer 38

RER cytosol mitochondria chloroplasts

Question 39

How many membrane does a mitochondrion have?

Answer 39

2

Question 40

Folds inside the mitochondrion

Answer 40

cristae

Question 41

Function of mitochondrion

Answer 41

Powerhouse of the cell

Question 42

What does a Peroxisome produce?

Answer 42

H2O2

Question 43

Composed of gene coding for the different rRNA

Answer 43

Nucleolus

Question 44

Three types of cytoskeleton

Answer 44

1. Intermediate filament 2. Microfilament (actin filament) 3. Microtubules

Question 45

Type of cytoskeleton that makes up cilia/flagella, provide cell motility, assist chromosome movement in cell division, assist in movement of vesicles

Answer 45

Microtubule

Question 46

Type of cytoskeleton than assist in muscle contraction, changes in cell shape, cytoplasmic streaming, cell division

Answer 46

Microfilament

Question 47

Type of cytoskeleton that assist in anchorage of cell nucleus and certain organelles, formation of nuclear lamina

Answer 47

Intermediate filament

Question 48

Extracellular component that allow molecules to pass through

Answer 48

Gap junctions

Question 49

Extracellular component that is tightly attached to each other to prevent molecules to be transported between the cells

Answer 49

Tight junctions

Question 50

Extracellular component that adds strength and also called anchoring/adhering junction

Answer 50

Desmosomes