Cells Flashcards
(23 cards)
What filaments are present in the cytoskeleton of the cell
Microfilaments (5nm)
Intermediate filaments (10nm)
Microtubules (25nm)
List 4 functions of the cell membrane
- Semi-permeable membrane
- Hosts cell membrane receptors
- Regulates what goes in and out of the cell
- Separates intracellular and extracellular cell contents
What 3 types of molecule does the cell membrane contain and what are their functions?
- Cholesterol (fluidity)
- Proteins (transporters)
- Glycolipids and glycoproteins (cell singalling)
What are the lipid groups that make up the plasma membrane?
Glycolipids
Phospholipids
Sphingolipids
Cholesterol
What do tight junctions do?
Prevent leackage of molecules from between cells
What do desmosomes do?
Join cells together
What do gap junctions do?
Allow passage of small water-soluble ions and molecules between cells
What do adherens junctions do?
Joins actin bundles on adjacent cells
What do hemidesmosomes do?
Anchors cells to the basement membrane
Function and properties of the nucleus (2)
Houses DNA as chromatin
Has double nuclear membrane
Where does rRNA synthesis take place?
Nucleolus (ribosomal RNA)
Function and properties of the mitochondria (2)
Site of oxidative phosphorylation
Double membrane
What does the outer membrane of the mitochondria do? (2)
Lipid synthesis
Fatty acid metabolism
What does the inner membrane of the mitochondria do?
Electron transport chain - ATP production
Where does Krebs’ cycle take place?
Matrix of mitochondria
What happens in the intramembranous space of the mitochondria?
Nucleotide phosphorylation (ADP to ATP)
Function and properties of RER (3)
Protein synthesis
Highly folded flattened membrane sheets
Ribosomes cover its surface
Functions and properties of SER (2)
Synthesis, processes and stores lipids
Highly folded flattened membrane sheets
Functions and properties of Golgi apparatus (4)
Processes and modifies macromolecules from ER
Nuclear facing: protein phosphorylation
Central part: modifies lipids + proteins
Cytoplasm facing: packages into vesicles, releases active peptides
Where are the golgi apparatus found in cells?
Near the nucleus of the cell
Functions and properties of vesicles (3)
Small membrane-bound organelles
Transport and store material
Exchange cell membrane between compartments
What are lysosomes?
Contain hydrolytic enzymes
Break down cellular waste and debris
What orange-brown pigment commonly found in the heart and liver is a sign of wear and tear?
Lipofuscin
