Cells

Question 1

What are plant cell’s most distinct feature?

Answer 1

Cell wall

Question 2

What is the main function of the cell wall?

Answer 2

Provide support and rigidity

Question 3

Name a few characteristics of a plant cell

Answer 3

• cell wall
• large central vacuole
• undergoes photosynthesis
• contains chloroplasts

Question 4

What are organelles?

Answer 4

Small structures within a cell to preform different functions
( translates to small organisms )

Question 5

Cell wall

Answer 5

• rigid layer surrounds cell
• made up of cellulose 
• 3 layers: 
 - primary cell wall 
 - secondary cell wall
 - middle lamella 
• main functions:
 - rigidity and strength
 - protection against mechanical stress and infection

Question 6

Cell membrane

Answer 6

• outer boundary of the cell enclosed cytoplasm and organelles of cells
• semi-permeable - allowing specific substances to pass through

Question 7

Chloroplasts

Answer 7

• elongated disc - containing chlorophyll
• stack of coins
• flattened structures contain chlorophyll
• photosynthesis occurs here
• chlorophyll- green pigment absorbs energy from sunlight to make food

Question 8

Vacuole

Answer 8

• membrane bound chamber 
• found in cytoplasm 
• main functions:
 - secretion, excretion and storage 
 • tonoplast- vacuole surrounded by membrane

Question 9

Golgi complex

Answer 9

• look like ER
• near nucleus
• main function: process and package macromolecules synthesized from other parts of cell
• cell’s packaging center

Question 10

Ribosomes

Answer 10

• smallest and most abundant organelle
• made of RNA and protein
• PROTEIN SYNTHESIS
• found in cells necessary for survival of cell
• protein factories

Question 11

Cytoplasm

Answer 11

• gel like matrix enclosed by cell membrane

* supports organelles and prevents cells from bursting/shrinking

Question 12

Endoplasmic Reticulum

Answer 12

• membrane bound compartment
• look like flattened sacs side by side
• large network of interconnecting membrane tunnels
• 2 types:
- smooth ER: site of hormone and fat manufacturer
- rough ER: ( ribosomes ) protein manufacture and transport

Question 13

Mitochondria

Answer 13

• surrounded by 2 membranes
• power plants
• covert glucose to energy molecules (ATP)
• process its own DNA helps with duplication

Question 14

Nucleus

Answer 14

• control center of the cell
• bound by nuclear envelope
• porous membrane- allows passage of substances
• most genetic material is organized as multiple linear DNA molecules
• chromatin network unwinds to form DNA + further wound up to create chromosomes
• DNA carries hereditary characteristics

Question 15

Cytoskeleton

Answer 15

• network of microtubules and microfilament fibers

* give structural support and maintain shape

Question 16

Lysosomes - animal cell

Answer 16

• digestive system of cell

* digestive enzymes break down waste molecules and help with detoxification of cell

Question 17

Vacuoles - animal cell

Answer 17

• Bound by single membrane
• storage organelles
• vesicles - Smaller vacuoles

Question 18

Centrioles of centrosome

Answer 18

• centriole- small day of microtubules arranges specific way
• 9 groups of microtubules
• 2 found - right angle
• found in pairs move towards poles
• During division mitotic spindle at end
• mitotic spindle- process of mitosis and process of meiosis
• usually near nucleus but can’t be seen when not dividing

Question 19

Cilia and flagella

Answer 19

• structurally identical
• different based on function and length
• Cilia:
 - short and large number per cell
 - power stroke and recovery stroke
• Flagella: 
 - long and fewer in cell
 - wave like movement 
• organelles of movement