Cells Flashcards
parts/functions of a cell and properties of life (32 cards)
What are the 7 properties of life?
- Order (structure and function)
- Energy Utilization/processing
- Homeostasis/Regulation (optimal working environment)
- Response to environment
- Reproduction
- Growth/development
- Evolutionary Adaptation
What is the hierarchy of organization on the planet? (10 levels)
- atoms/molecules
- organelles
- cells/molecules
- tissues
- organs/organ systems
- organism
- populations
- community
- ecosystem (includes living and non-living)
- biosphere
What are emergent properties?
- New properties that emerge due to new structure/function interactions that occur.
- Becomes more complex -> new emergent property
First level that has all 7 properties of life?
The cell -> fundamental unit of life
What is cell theory?
- all living organisms are made of cells
- the cell is the basic structural and functional
unit of an organism - cells can only come from pre-existing cells
What are the two types of cells?
- Prokaryotic -> bacteria/archaea
2. Eukaryotic -> animal/plant/fungi/protist
4 things all cells contain
- plasma membrane
- semi-fluid substance ->cytosol
- chromosomes (genes)
- ribosomes (makes proteins)
Eukaryotic cell properties
- yes membrane enclosed nucleus
- yes Membrane bound organelles
- larger than prokaryotic cells
- only plants and fungi have external walls
Prokaryotic cell properties
- no membrane enclosed nucleus
- no membrane bound organelles
- smaller than eukaryotic cells
- almost all have touch external walls
Animal cell properties
- eukaryotic cell
- no cell wall
- no chloroplast
- no vacuole
- yes flagellum
Plant cell properties
- eukaryotic cell
- yes cell wall
- yes chloroplast
- yes vacuole
- no flagellum
What is the plasma membrane function?
(also called cell membrane)
function: controls what can go in and out of cell -> selectively permeable barrier
- contains cell (within cell wall though)
- is the identification of the cell
- flexible but strong
What does the plasma membrane structure do?
- identification of cell -> sugars on surface of cell can be read by other cells and can communicate
What is the Nucleus?
function: control center of cell contains: 1. nucleus envelope -> double lipid bi layer (2 walls) + pores 2. Chromatin – DNA/protein complex 3. Nucleolus – rRNA synthesis
What are Ribosomes?
function: synthesize protein
- organelles made of ribosomal RNA and protein
- can be free (cytosol) or fixed (rough ER)
What is the Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)?
2 parts:
- Rough ER
function: synthesis of proteins, transport of proteins
- can do this because it has ribosomes - Smooth ER
function: (depends on type of cell) lipid/glycogen synthesis, metabolism, storage, and detoxification
- does not have ribosomes (therefore does not make protein)
-ER membrane is continuous from the nucleus membrane
What is the Golgi Complex?
function: modifies/packages/stores products from ER
- Flattened membranous sacs off of Rough ER -> flattened “pancakes”
What are the types/functions of Vesicles?
- Secretory -> moves things out of cell
- Membrane renewal -> add/remove membrane components
- Transport -> movement of substances around cell
What is the function of a Lysosome?
function: digestion
- breakdown ingested organisms
- breakdown old organelles
- intracellular digestion
What/where are Vacuoles found?
function: storage
- only in plant cells
- holds organic compounds/water
What is the Mitochondria?
the powerhouse of the cell!
function: site of cell respiration, produces ATP
- in nearly all eukaryotic cells
What are Chloroplasts?
function: site of photosynthesis. converts light energy -> chemical energy
- found in plants and algae
What does the mitochondria and chloroplasts have in common?
- convert energy into forms that cells can use
- have a double membrane
- have proteins made by free ribosomes
- have there own DNA
What are the 3 levels of cellular organization?
- unicellular organism
- colonial organism
- multicellular organism
