Cells

Question 1

an instrument for viewing small objects

Answer 1

microscope

Question 2

the smallest unit of life.

Answer 2

cells

Question 3

instrument for viewing very small objects

Answer 3

light microscopes

Question 4

instrument for viewing very small objects. An electron microscope is much more powerful than a light microscope and can magnify things up to a million times.

Answer 4

electron microscopes

Question 5

describes a microscope through which the specimen is seen using one eye only

Answer 5

monocular

Question 6

a microscope with two eyepieces

Answer 6

binocular

Question 7

describes a microscope through which the specimen is viewed using both eyes

Answer 7

stereo

Question 8

the number of times the image of an object has been enlarged using a lens or lens system

Answer 8

magnification

Question 9

describes an organism having only one cell

Answer 9

unicellular

Question 10

having many cells

Answer 10

multi cellular

Question 11

a length of one millionth of a metre

Answer 11

micrometre

Question 12

a unit of measurement equal to one billionth of a metre

Answer 12

nanometre

Question 13

a rapidly developing field that includes studying and investigating cells and other objects of the smallest dimensions

Answer 13

nanotechnology

Question 14

organism classified as belonging to the Prokaryotae kingdom

Answer 14

Prokaryotes

Question 15

member of the group of organisms that has a membrane around the nucleus in each of their cells

Answer 15

eukaryote

Question 16

structure that encloses the contents of a cell and allows the movement of some materials in and out

Answer 16

cell membrane

Question 17

the fluid found inside cells

Answer 17

cytosol

Question 18

small structures within a cell in which proteins such as enzymes are made

Answer 18

ribosomes

Question 19

the jelly-like material inside a cell.

Answer 19

cytoplasm

Question 20

the chemical reactions occurring within an organism that enable the organism to use energy and grow and repair cells

Answer 20

metabolism

Question 21

reproduction by the division of an organism (usually a single cell) into two new organisms

Answer 21

binary fission

Question 22

small rod-shaped organelles that supply energy to other parts of the cell

Answer 22

mitochondria

Question 23

oval-shaped organelle found only in plant cells

Answer 23

chloroplasts

Question 24

the chemical reaction involving oxygen that moves the energy in glucose into the compound ATP

Answer 24

cellular respiration

Question 25

the food-making process in plants that takes place in chloroplasts within cells

Answer 25

photosynthesis

Question 26

the green-coloured chemical in plants that absorbs the light energy used in photosynthesis to make food from carbon dioxide and water

Answer 26

chlorophyll

Question 27

central part of an atom, made up of protons and neutrons

Answer 27

nucleus

Question 28

tiny, thread-like structure inside the nucleus of a cell

Answer 28

chromosomes

Question 29

the chemical substance found in all living things that encodes the genetic information of an organism

Answer 29

deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)

Question 30

cell division process that results in new cells with the same number of chromosomes as the original cell

Answer 30

mitosis

Question 31

identical copy

Answer 31

clones

Question 32

the process where the cytoplasm of a cell divides to form two daughter cells

Answer 32

cytokinesis

Question 33

disease that can be transferred from one organism to another

Answer 33

infectious diseases

Question 34

disease that cannot be transferred from one organism to another

Answer 34

non-infectious diseases

Question 35

substance derived from a micro-organism and used to kill bacteria in the body

Answer 35

antibiotics

Question 36

chemical used to kill bacteria on surfaces and non-living objects

Answer 36

disinfectants

Question 37

mild disinfectant used on body tissue to kill microbes

Answer 37

antiseptics

Question 38

describes an antiseptic that kills bacteria

Answer 38

bactericidal

Question 39

describes an antiseptic that stops bacteria from growing or dividing but doesn't kill them

Answer 39

bacteriostatic

Question 40

type of tissue that transports sugars made in the leaves to other parts of a plant

Answer 40

phloem

Question 41

transport of materials, such as water and glucose, in plants

Answer 41

translocation

Question 42

pipelines for the flow of water up plants

Answer 42

xylem vessels

Question 43

a hard substance in the walls of dead xylem cells that make up the tubes carrying water up plant stems

Answer 43

lignin

Question 44

small openings mainly on the lower surface of leaves

Answer 44

stomata

Question 45

movement of water through a plant as a result of loss of water from the leaves

Answer 45

transpiration stream

Question 46

groups of xylem and phloem vessels within plant stems

Answer 46

vascular bundles

Question 47

loss of water from plant leaves through their stomata

Answer 47

transpiration

Question 48

cells on either side of a stoma that work together to control the opening and closing of the stoma

Answer 48

guard cells

Question 49

droop. Plant stems and leaves wilt when there is insufficient water in their cells.

Answer 49

wilt

Question 50

sacs within a cell used to store food and wastes

Answer 50

vacuoles

Question 51

describes cells that are not firm due to loss of water

Answer 51

flaccid

Question 52

describes something that is firm

Answer 52

turgid

Question 53

outermost layer of the skin

Answer 53

epidermis

Question 54

the medical name for the deeper part of the skin

Answer 54

dermis

Question 55

special cells that detect energy and convert it to electrical energy that is sent to the brain

Answer 55

receptors

Question 56

tiny, coiled tube in the skin through which water and salt are removed from the body, helping to control body temperature

Answer 56

sweat glands

Question 57

small opening in the skin. Perspiration reaches the surface of the skin through pores.

Answer 57

pores

Question 58

change state from a liquid to a gas. Evaporation occurs only from the surface of a liquid.

Answer 58

evaporates

Question 59

a disease resulting in the uncontrolled growth of body cells, forming tumours

Answer 59

cancer

Question 60

an abnormal growth

Answer 60

tumour

Question 61

describes a tumour that does not spread to other parts of the body

Answer 61

benign

Question 62

describes a type of tumour that damages cells and can spread to other parts of the body

Answer 62

malignant