Cells Flashcards
(23 cards)
an instrument for viewing small objects
microscope
the smallest unit of life. Cells are the building blocks of living things. There are many different sized and shaped cells in animals and plants, as well as single-celled organisms.
cells
central part of an atom, made up of protons and neutrons. Also roundish structure inside a cell that acts as the control centre for the cell. Plural = nuclei.
nucleus
tiny, thread-like structure inside the nucleus of a cell. Chromosomes contain the DNA that carries genetic information.
chromosomes
the chemical substance found in all living things that encodes the genetic information of an organism
deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)
cell division process that results in new cells with the same number of chromosomes as the original cell
mitosis
identical copy
clones
the process where the cytoplasm of a cell divides to form two daughter cells
cytokinesis
disease that can be transferred from one organism to another
infectious diseases
disease that cannot be transferred from one organism to another
non-infectious diseases
chemical used to kill bacteria on surfaces and non-living objects
antibiotics
mild disinfectant used on body tissue to kill microbes
antiseptics
describes an antiseptic that kills bacteria
bactericidal
describes an antiseptic that stops bacteria from growing or dividing but doesn’t kill them
bacteriostatic
type of tissue that transports sugars made in the leaves to other parts of a plant
phloem
transport of materials, such as water and glucose, in plants
translocation
pipelines for the flow of water up plants. They are made up of the remains of dead xylem cells fitted end to end with the joining walls broken down. Lignin in the cell walls gives them strength.
xylem vessels
a hard substance in the walls of dead xylem cells that make up the tubes carrying water up plant stems. Lignin forms up to 30 per cent of the wood of trees.
lignin
small openings mainly on the lower surface of leaves. These pores are opened and closed by guard cells. Singular = stoma.
stomata
movement of water through a plant as a result of the loss of water from the leaves
transpiration stream
groups of xylem and phloem vessels within plant stems
vascular bundles
loss of water from plant leaves through their stomata
transpiration
cells on either side of a stoma that work together to control the opening and closing of the stoma
guard cells
