Cells Flashcards
(22 cards)
What components make up a DNA nucleotide?
A base, phosphate, and deoxyribose
What is the structure of DNA?
A double helix
1st stage of cell cycle
G1 (growth 1) Organelles replicate Cytoplasm increases in volume Proteins synthesise Prepare for DNA replication
2nd stage of cell cycle
S (synthesis)
DNA replicates by semi conservative replication
3rd stage of cell cycle
G2 (growth 2)
Prepares for mitosis
Checks for any mutations
4th stage of cell cycle
Mitosis
Cell splits into two daughter cells
1st phase of mitosis
Prophase
2nd phase of mitosis
Anaphase
Chromosome line up along centre
Spindle fibres created
3rd phase of mitosis
Metaphase
Chromosomes are pulled apart by spindle fibres
Cytoskeleton breaks down
4th phase of mitosis
Telophase
What component make up an RNA Nucleotide?
A ribose, phosphate and base
What replaces thymine in RNA?
Uracil
Which bases are complementary?
Thymine and adenine
Cytosine and guamine
Function of plasma membrane
Controls which substances go in and out of the cell
Function of ribosomes
Synthesises proteins
Function of rough endoplasmic reticulum
Synthesises proteins
Function of lysosomes
Gets rid of unwanted or old organelles
Function of Golgi apparatus
Modifies, and packages proteins
Why is pre-mRNA longer than mRNA?
The pre-mRNA is spliced to remove the introns
What is a ribosome made of?
Protein and RNA
What is the structure of glycogen?
Polysaccharide
Alpha glucose joined by glycosidic bonds
How do bacteria replicate?
Binary fission
Where circular DNA replicates
The cytoplasms splits into two daughter cells
And each has one copy of DNA
