Cells

Question 1

Cell theory

Answer 1

Robert Hooke et al 1665

Question 2

Theory of Evolution

Answer 2

Charles Darwin 1859

Question 3

Discovery of DNA

Answer 3

Francis Crick and James Watson et al 1953

Question 4

What are cells?

Answer 4

Units that make up organisms

Question 5

What is mitosis?

Answer 5

Increase in number of cells by the process of cell division

Question 6

What is a prokaryote

Answer 6

A cellular organism that lacks a membrane-bound nucleus or membrane-bound organelles. Generally have a single chromosome

Question 7

What is a eukaryote?

Answer 7

Contains membrane-bound organelles eg nucleus, mitochondria, and ER. Examples Protozoa, Fungi, plants, animals

Question 8

What is Metabolic rate?

Answer 8

Amount of energy expended in a given time period

Question 9

What is an organelle?

Answer 9

A subcellular structure that has specific job/s

Question 10

What is diffusion?

Answer 10

Movement of a substance from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration. Very slow process when distance increased => only efficient at cellular level

Question 11

What is the length of a bacterial cell?

Answer 11

~1micrometre at longest axis

Question 12

What is the length of a eukaryotic cell?

Answer 12

~10micrometres at longest axis

Question 13

What are the eukaryotic organelles?

Answer 13

Plasma membrane
Nucleus surrounded by nuclear membrane
Mitochondrion
Golgi apparatus
Microvilli
Lysosomes
Endoplasmic reticulum

Question 14

What Is the plasma membrane?

Answer 14

Membrane enclosing the cell

Question 15

What is the mitochondrion?

Answer 15

Organelle where cellular respiration occurs and most ATP is generated

Question 16

What is the golgi apparatus?

Answer 16

Organelle active in synthesis, modification, sorting, and secretion of cell products

Question 17

What are microvilli?

Answer 17

Membrane projections that increase the cells surface area

Question 18

What is a lysosome?

Answer 18

Digestive organelle where macromolecules are hydrolyzed (low pH)

Question 19

What is endoplasmic reticulum?

Answer 19

Network of membranous sacs and tubes; active in membrane synthesis and other synthetic and metabolic processes.
Rough: ribosome studded for protein synthesis
Smooth: synthesis of membrane lipids etc

Question 20

What are the three properties of the cytoskeleton?

Answer 20

Microtubes
Microfilaments
Intermediate filaments

Question 21

What are Microtubules?

Answer 21

Tubulin polymers
Structure -Hollow tubes
diametre -25nm with 15nm lumen
protein subunits -Tubulin, a dimer consisting of alpha-tubulin and a beta-tubulin

Question 22

What is lumen?

Answer 22

The inside space of a tubular structure, such as an artery or intestine

Question 23

What are the main functions of microtubules?

Answer 23

Maintenance of cell shape
Cell motility
Chromosome movements in cell divisions
Organelle movements

Question 24

What are microfilaments?

Answer 24

Actin filaments
Structure -Two intertwined strands of actin
Diameter -7nm
Protein subunits -actin

Question 25

What are the main functions of microfilaments?

Answer 25

``` Maintenance of cell chape Changes in cell shape Muscle contraction Cytoplasmic streaming (plant cells) Cell motility Cell division (animal cells) ```

Question 26

What are intermediate filaments?

Answer 26

Structure -Fibrous proteins coiled into cables Diameter -8-12nm Protein subunits -One of several different proteins(including keratins)

Question 27

What are the main functions of intermediate filaments?

Answer 27

Maintenance of cell shape Anchorage of nucleus and certain other organelles Formation of nuclear lamina