Cells

Question 1

Cell organelles (parts of the cell)

Answer 1

Selectively permeable allows solutes to move between the cell and the external environemt

Question 2

Nucleus

Answer 2

• Large organelle in a cell; contains DNA

- Manages cell functions

Question 3

Nucleolus

Answer 3

Structure within a cells nucleus; involved in protein synthesis

Question 4

Nuclear membrane

Answer 4

Membrane that separates the nucleus of a cell from the cytoplasm

Question 5

Cytoplasm

Answer 5

• Surrounds the organelles

- Contains nutrients

Question 6

Ribosomes

Answer 6

Makes protein

Question 7

Endoplasmic reticulum

Answer 7

Intercellular highway (a path along which molecules move from one part of the cell to another

Question 8

Rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER

Answer 8

• Moves protein within the cell

- Covered with ribosomes

Question 9

Smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER)

Answer 9

• Moves lipid (fats) around the cell

Question 10

Golgi apparatus

Answer 10

Receives proteins from the RER and distributes them to other organelles or out of the cell

Question 11

Mitochondria

Answer 11

• Converts energy food (sugars) into usable energy for work. (ATP)
• Cellular respiration

Question 12

Lysosomes

Answer 12

Breaks down food particles

Question 13

Cilia and Flagella

Answer 13

• Cell movement
• Cilia: short extrusions from cell surface
• Flagella: long extrusions from cell surface

Question 14

Vacuoles

Answer 14

Storage of wastes, nutrients and water

Question 15

Chloroplasts

Answer 15

Photosynthesis (light energy to chemical energy stored in the bonds of glucose)

Question 16

Cell membrane

Answer 16

• Separate cell form its environment allowing the regulation of the internal environment
• Boundary

Question 17

Functions of cell membranes

Answer 17

• Acts as physical barrier
• Regulates the passage of materials
• Sensitive to changes
• Supports the cell

Question 18

Semi-permeable membrane

Answer 18

Allows some materials in

Question 19

Crossing the cell membrane

Answer 19

Fats and oils pass directly through

Question 20

Cell membrane channels

Answer 20

• Protein channels allow substances in and out

- Specific channels allow specific material in and out

Question 21

Passive transport and Active transport

Answer 21

Passive transport: do not use energy

Active transport : use cells energy (ATP)

Question 22

Simple diffusion (passive transport)

Answer 22

Move from high to low

Question 23

Facilitated transport (passive transport)

Answer 23

Move from high to low through a channel

Question 24

Vesicular transport

Answer 24

Active process in which materials are moved in membrane

Question 25

Osmosis

Answer 25

Diffusion of water

Question 26

Exocytosis (vesicular transport)

Answer 26

Active movement of a substance out of a cell

Question 27

Endocytosis (vesicular transport)

Answer 27

Active movement of a substance into a cell

Question 28

Pinocytosis (endocytosis)

Answer 28

Cell drinking

Question 29

Phagocytosis (endocytosis)

Answer 29

Cell eating

Question 30

Carrier-mediated transport

Answer 30

Transport of ions or molecules across a cell membrane by special carrier proteins

Question 31

Tissues

Answer 31

Group of cells that are similar in structure and function

Question 32

Epithelial tissue

Answer 32

Covers things: small intestine lining, salivary gland inner membrane

Question 33

Connective tissue

Answer 33

- Hold things together and supports body | - Cartilage, blood cells and compact bones

Question 34

Muscular tissue

Answer 34

``` - Responds to stimuli contracting and lengthening 3 types - Skeletal: voluntary, striated - Cardiac: involuntary, striated - Involuntary: smooth, non-striated ```

Question 35

Nervous tissue

Answer 35

- Nerve cells called neurons - Very long - Brain, spinal cords and nerves

Question 36

Enzymes

Answer 36

Catabolic (break down)

Question 37

Factors that affect enzymes

Answer 37

- The higher the rate of concentration of enzyme, the faster the rate of the chemical reaction - Increasing substrate concentration - Temperature - PH levels - Enzyme inhibitors

Question 38

Enzymes models

Answer 38

1. Lock and key model | 2. Induced fit model

Question 39

Catabolism

Answer 39

- Destructive | - Release energy

Question 40

Cellular respiration

Answer 40

Glucose + Oxygen > Water + Carbon dioxide | C3H12O6 + 6O2 > 6H2O + 6CO2

Question 41

Anabolism

Answer 41

- Construct of complex substances from simpler ones - Use energy - Makes protein

Question 42

ATP

Answer 42

- Adenosine Trisphosphate - ATP > Adenosine diphosphate - Storing energy in cells

Question 43

Aerobic

Answer 43

Oxygen

Question 44

Anaerobic

Answer 44

No oxygen