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Histology and embryology > Cells and basic tissue > Flashcards

Cells and basic tissue Flashcards

1
Q

Histolgy

A

The study of the structure and function of cells and associated tissue

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2
Q

Cell membrane

A

Gate keeper

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3
Q

Cytoplasm

A
  • semifluid part
  • Skeletal system
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4
Q

Nucleus

A
  • Stores the cell’s genetic code
  • command center
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5
Q

Mitochondria

A

Powerhouse of the cell
- energy source

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6
Q

Ribosomes

A

Protein factories

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7
Q

Endoplasmic reticulum

A

Highway system, network of membranes and spaces

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8
Q

Golgi Complex

A

Distribution center
- Stack of sacs that package and disturbs proteins out of the cell

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9
Q

Lysosomes

A

Produced by the Golgi complex
digest foreign substances by phagocytosis

Lyse= destroy

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10
Q

Cytoskeleton

A

3D system of support for the cell

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11
Q

mitosis

A

Cell division that occurs in phases and results in two daughter cells

  • Somatic cells = body cells
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12
Q

Meiosis

A

Cell division in gamete cells (reproductive)

Produces only one round to DNA replication, ensuring the correct number of chromosomes

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13
Q

Tissue

A

A group of similar cells

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14
Q

4 types of tissue

A

Epithelial, connective, muscle, nerve

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15
Q

Epithelial tissue

A

covers and lines both the external and internal body surfaces

protective covering

Avascular

Capable of rapid cellular turnover

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16
Q

Simple epithelial

A

one layer or psudostratified

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17
Q

Stratified epithelial

A

More than one layer

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18
Q

Basement membrane

A

A thin, acellular structure always located between the epithelial tissue and connective tissue

2 layers
- Basal lamina (superficial layer)
- Reticular layer (deeper layer with collagen and reticular fibers)

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19
Q

Rete Pegs

A

Inwards projections of epithelial into connective tissue
- increases surface area–> strengthens connections

  • Causes stippling due to the this
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20
Q

Connective tissue

A

Fills the spaces between the tissues and organs

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21
Q

Connective tissue is involves in

A
  • protection
  • Support
  • Insulation
  • Stores nutrients
  • Transportation
  • Attachment
  • Repair
  • Protect and defend
  • Packing
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22
Q

Connective tissue includes

A

Loose connective tissue
Bone marrow
Alveolar bone
Dental tissues- besides cementum

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23
Q

Most common type of cell in connective tissue… in all types

A

Fibroblasts
–> synthesize/build protein fibers and intercellular substances: needed to sustain connective tissue

24
Q

Other cells in connective tissue

A

Migrated white blood cells ( Monocytes/ Macrophages), Basophils, mast cells, lymphocytes, neutrophils

25
Protein fibers in connective tissue
- Collagen - Elastic, allows tissue to stretch - reticular
26
Types of connective tissue
Dense, loose
27
Connective tissue repair process
Clot--> Inflammatory response triggers WBC--> Fibroblasts migrate to produce immature connective tissue( granulation tissue), which may interfere with the repair process, Corticosteroids can also interfere
27
Connective tissue repair process
Clot--> Inflammatory response triggers WBC--> Fibroblasts migrate to produce immature connective tissue( granulation tissue), - which may interfere with the repair process, Corticosteroids can also interfere
28
Cartilage
Firm but flexible, non mineralized connective tissue - present at articular surfaces of most freely movable joints -Avascular, longer repair time
29
3 Types of cartilage
Hyaline Elastic Fibrocartilage
30
Hyaline cartilage
Most common type, no nerves or blood vessels, which allows for growth
31
Elastic Cartilage
Found in external ear, auditory tube, Epiglottis, Parts of the larynx
32
Fibrocartilage
Never found alone
33
Bone
hard rigid connective tissue Vascularized- fast repair time Protective and structural support for soft tissue Manufactured blood cells Stores calcium and other minerals surrounds the root of a tooth, creating alveolar bone proper
34
Development of bone
Ossification - primary bone: first bone, temporary tissue - Secondary bone- More organized arrangement of fibers
35
Blood
Fluid connective tissue - transport for medium cellular nutrients
36
Plasma
Fluid substance in blood vessels that carry proteins, blood cells, and metabolites
37
RBC
Most common cell in the blood - binds and transports oxygen and carbon dioxide
38
Platelets/ thrombocytes
Fragments of bone marrow cells - Function in clotting
39
WBC
defense mechanisms, including inflammatory and immune responses
40
WBC characteristics
Have a nucleus Migrate from blood into the tissue 5 types
41
Neutrophil/ polymorphonuclear (PNM) leukocyte
Most common WBC - first to appear at the site of injury when inflammatory response in triggered
42
Lymphocyte
B cell - mature on bone T- cell - mature on thymus Natural kill cell- first line of defense in cysts and tumors
43
Monocyte
Longer lifespan than PMN - Arrive at the injury later and fewer numbers
44
Eosinophils
Increased during allergic response, kill parasites
45
Basophils
less than 1%
46
How is muscle classified
Structure, function, and intervention
47
3 types of muscle
- Skeletal- voluntary ( somatic intervention) ex, facial expression, tongue, pharynx, upper esophagus, muscles of mastication - Smooth- involuntary - Cardiac- involuntary
48
Nerve tissue functions
- carry messages or impulses based on electrical potentials - causes cardiac muscle to contract - Stimulates glands to recreate hormones - Allows for the perception of senses.
49
affrent nerves
carry information to the brain Sensory
50
Efferent nerves
Motor caries information from the brain
51
Central nervous system
Brain and spinal cord
52
Peripheral nervous system
Spinal and cranial nerves
53
Somatic nervous system
conscious control - voluntary
54
Autonomic nervous system
Sympathetic- fight or flight, inhibits gland recreation Parasympathetic- rest or digest, increases salivary function

Histology and embryology (1 decks)

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