Cells and Cell Structure

Question 1

Prokaryotes

Answer 1

• Bacteria & Archea
• Unicellular
• No nucleus
• No membrane-bound organelles

Question 2

Eukaryotes

Answer 2

Eukarya
- Plants
- Animals
- Fungi
- Protists

Question 3

Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells both have:

Answer 3

• DNA
• Ribosomes
• Plasma Membrane
• Cytoplasm

Question 4

3 Stages of Interphase

Answer 4

• G1 phase
• S phase
• G2 Phase

Question 5

What is happening in Interphase?

Answer 5

• Growth
• DNA replication
• Cell function

Question 6

Mitosis creates…

Answer 6

2 identical daughter cells
46 chromosomes each
92 Chromatids
Produces body cells

Question 7

Prophase - Mitosis

Answer 7

Chromosomes are condensing

Question 8

Prometaphase - Mitosis

Answer 8

Nuclear envelope breaks down

Question 9

Metaphase - Mitosis

Answer 9

“Middle”
Chromosomes line up in the middle

Question 10

Anaphase - Mitosis

Answer 10

“Away”
Chromosomes are being pulled away to opposite poles

Question 11

Telophase - Mitosis

Answer 11

“Two”
Chromosomes are at the opposite ends and are being surrounded by new nuclei

Question 12

PMAT

Answer 12

• Prophase
• Metaphase
• Anaphase
• Telophase

Question 13

What is Cytokinesis?

Answer 13

Final separation of cytoplasm into two cells

Question 14

Meiosis creates…

Answer 14

Sex Cells (gametes)
23

Question 15

Stages of Meiosis

Answer 15

• Prophase 1
• Metaphase 1
• Anaphase 1
• Telophase 1

Question 16

Prophase 1

Answer 16

Line up with homologous pairs (contain the same gene - eye color for mom and dad)

Crossing over happens

Question 17

Metaphase 1

Answer 17

Pairs of chromosomes line up in the middle

Question 18

Prophase II

Answer 18

No homologous pairs or crossing over

Question 19

Metaphase II

Answer 19

Line up in a straight line - no longer in pairs

Question 20

Anaphase II

Answer 20

Only chromatids are pulled away

Question 21

Telophase II

Answer 21

2 cells divide into 4
23 chromosomes each
23 chromatids each

Question 22

Nondisjunction

Answer 22

When chromosomes do not separate correctly and cells receive too few or too many chromosomes

Question 23

Spindles attach at the…

Answer 23

Centromere

Question 23

After PMAT1 you have…

Answer 23

2 Daughter Cells
23 Chromosomes
46 Chromatids

Question 23

After PMAT2 you have...

Answer 23

4 Daughter Cells 23 Chromosomes 23 Chromatids

Question 24

Two things typically present in a bacterial cell but not in a virus?

Answer 24

DNA & Ribosomes

Question 25

Haploid Cells

Answer 25

1 set of chromosomes Meiosis Sex cells

Question 26

Diploid Cells

Answer 26

2 sets of chromosomes Mitosis Non-sex cells

Question 27

Where does binary fission occur?

Answer 27

Asexual reproduction in Prokaryotes, Bacteria and single-celled Eukaryotes

Question 28

At a typical DNA replication fork, the parental strands are separated from each other by...

Answer 28

Helicase Enzyme

Question 29

What features of meiosis contribute to genetic variation in a species?

Answer 29

crossing over, independent assortment, and random fertilization create genetic diversity

Question 30

Nucleosome

Answer 30

A section of DNA that is wrapped around a core of proteins

Question 31

What is the function of nucleosomes?

Answer 31

They help supercoil DNA - nucleosomes are a unit of chromatin wrapped around 8 histone proteins

Question 32

3 tenets of Cell Theory

Answer 32

1. All living things are made of cells 2. Cells are the basic unit of life 3. New cells come from existing cells (during mitosis)

Question 33

What happens is the G1stage of interphase?

Answer 33

Growth and replication of organelles

Question 34

What happens in the S stage of interphase?

Answer 34

The cell makes a complete copy of the DNA

Question 35

What happens in the G2 stage of interphase?

Answer 35

Growth and preparation for mitosis

Question 36

Positive feedback loop

Answer 36

Pushes the body to change away from a starting point

Question 37

Negative feedback loop

Answer 37

Brings the body back to the starting point (temperature regulation)

Question 38

Negative feedback loop

Answer 38

Brings the body back to the starting point (temperature regulation)