Cells and Cell Structures Flashcards

Question

# Eukaryote Unicellular or multicellular?

Answer 1

May be unicellular or multicellular

Answer 2

Composed primarily of phospholipids, but also contains proteins, cholesterol and other types of molecules. Contains receptors that allow cells to communicate with each other. In multicellular organisms, contains proteins that allow cells to adhere to structures outside of the cell to form tissues Is selectively permeable-allows the cell to maintain homeostasis Is the outer barrier of a cell (a cell wall is considered to be extracellular)

Answer 3

Control center of the cell Contains the cell’s chromosomes Surrounded by a nuclear envelope to protect the DNA Nuclear envelope has pores to allow for some transport of material in and out of the nucleus

Answer 4

Dense region of DNA contained within the nucleus where ribosome production begins RNA is synthesized and combined with proteins to form ribosomes Some cells have more than one nucleoli

Answer 5

The liquid and all of the organelles within a cell except for the nucleus. The liquid itself is referred to as the cytosol and contains dissolved molecules necessary for the cell to survive

Answer 6

Produce proteins for the cell In eukaryotes, may be free floating in the cytoplasm or may be attached to the rough endoplasmic reticulum. Free floating ribosomes produce proteins to be used within the cell Attached ribosomes generally produced proteins that will either be embedded in the plasma membrane or will be secreted from the cell Depending on a cell function, cells have very different amounts of ribosomes

Answer 7

Series of flattened membrane-bound sacs that have ribosomes attached to it. Plays a role in the production of secreted proteins by transporting those proteins as they are being produced by bound ribosomes. Proteins produced by bound ribosomes fold within the rough endoplasmic reticulum. Additional modifications may be made to proteins within the rough endoplasmic reticulum.

Answer 8

Series of flattened membrane-bound sacs that have NO ribosomes attached to it. Plays a role in the production lipids within a cell Depending on the cell type, may have specialized functions including sugar metabolism, calcium storage or detoxification

Answer 9

Small, membrane-enclosed sacs involved in the transport of materials within a eukaryotic cell

Answer 10

Complex of flattened membrane sacs that stores, modifies and ships proteins that have been produced by ribosomes bound to the rough endoplasmic reticulum Lysosomes originate from the Golgi apparatus

Answer 11

Organelles that contain hydrolytic enzymes Hydrolytic enzymes break down unnecessary cell molecules and organelles Some immune system cells use lysosomes to destroy pathogens Play a role in programmed cell death (apoptosis)

Answer 12

Network of fibers extending throughout the cytoplasm that organizes the structures of the cell Supports the cell and maintains its shape Controls the positions and movements of organelles and vesicles within the cell Interacts with extracellular structures, anchoring the cell

Answer 13

Organize cell division in animal cells Comprised of two centrioles

Answer 14

Made of different material than a prokaryotic cell wall For eukaryotes, seen in plant, algae and fungi cells; animal cells do not have a cell wall Functions primarily to protect the cell

Answer 15

Found in nearly all eukaryotes Function in cellular respiration, converting the energy that was stored in glucose into energy stored in ATP

Answer 16

Found in plant and algae cells Function in photosynthesis, which stores energy in sunlight as chemical energy in carbohydrates.

Answer 17

An early ancestor of eukaryotic cells engulfed an oxygen-using prokaryotic cell The engulfed cell became an endosymbiont Endosymbiont – a cell living within another cell Over time, the host cell and endosymbiont merged into a single organism

Answer 18

Evidence: Both mitochondria and chloroplasts have double membranes Both mitochondria and chloroplasts have their own ribosomes and DNA in the form of circular chromosomes Both mitochondria and chloroplasts can reproduce on their own, independently of cell division