Cells and control

Question 1

Anaphase

Answer 1

The third stage of mitosis in which the chromatids are pulled to opposite poles
of the cell by spindle fibres.

Question 2

Asexual reproduction

Answer 2

A form of reproduction involving a single parent that creates
genetically identical offspring.

Question 3

Axon

Answer 3

A long fibre that conducts nerve impulses away from the cell body

Question 4

Cell differentiation

Answer 4

The process by which an undifferentiated cell becomes specialised for
its function

Question 5

Central nervous system (CNS)

Answer 5

The brain and spinal cord.

Question 6

Cytokinesis

Answer 6

The division of the cytoplasm at the end of mitosis to produce two new
daughter cells.

Question 7

Dendrites

Answer 7

Short, branched extensions of dendrons that provide a large surface area to
receive nerve impulses from other neurones.

Question 8

Dendron

Answer 8

Branched extensions of a nerve cell body that connect to other neurones and
carry impulses towards the body.

Question 9

Diploid cell

Answer 9

A cell that contains two copies of each chromosome (i.e. a full set of
chromosomes)

Question 10

Effector

Answer 10

An organ, tissue, or cell that produces a response to a stimulus

Question 11

Haploid cell

Answer 11

A cell that contains a single copy of each chromosome

Question 12

Interphase

Answer 12

The longest stage of the cell cycle that involves cell growth, the synthesis of
new organelles and DNA replication.

Question 13

Meristem tissue

Answer 13

Plant tissues containing undifferentiated stem cells.

Question 14

Metaphase

Answer 14

The second stage of mitosis in which the chromosomes align at the cell
equator.

Question 15

Mitosis

Answer 15

A form of cell division that produces two genetically identical daughter cells (with a
full set of chromosomes) from one parent cell.

Question 16

Motor neurone

Answer 16

A neurone that carries nerve impulses from the central nervous system to
the effectors.

Question 17

Myelin sheath

Answer 17

An electrically insulating layer that surrounds the axon and increases the
speed of nerve impulses.

Question 18

Neurones

Answer 18

• Nerve cells adapted to quickly transmit nerve impulses. They are the functional
  units of the nervous system.

Question 19

Neurotransmitters

Answer 19

Chemicals that are used for communication between neurones and
their target cells.

Question 20

Percentile chart

Answer 20

A chart used to monitor growth or time

Question 21

Prophase

Answer 21

The first stage of mitosis in which the chromosomes condense and the nuclear
membrane breaks down.

Question 22

Reflex arc

Answer 22

The pathway of neurones involved in a reflex action

Question 23

Relay neurone

Answer 23

A neurone that carries nerve impulses from sensory neurones to motor
neurones within the central nervous system.

Question 24

Sensory neurone

Answer 24

A neurone that carries nerve impulses from the receptors to the central
nervous system.

Question 25

receptor

Answer 25

A specialised structure that detects a specific type of stimulus

Question 26

Stem cells

Answer 26

• Cells that are unspecialised and capable of differentiating into a range of
  different cell types.

Question 27

Synapse

Answer 27

A small gap between neurones across which a nerve impulse is transmitted via
neurotransmitters.

Question 28

Telophase

Answer 28

The final stage of mitosis in which the spindle fibres break down, two new
nuclear envelopes form around the daughter cells and the chromosomes disappear.