Cells and Functions

Question 1

What are the main differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

Answer 1

Prokaryotic cells have cellular structures, are much smaller and are much simpler. Eukaryotic cells have cellular structures and organelles, are much larger, and are much more complex.

Question 2

What structures are found in prokaryotic cells?

Answer 2

cell membranes, cell walls, DNA, cytosol, cytoskeleton, ribosomes, cilia, flagella,

Question 3

Which living things have prokaryotic cells?

Answer 3

Bacteria and Archaeans

Question 4

Which living things have Eukaryotic cells?

Answer 4

Plants, animals, fungus, and protists

Question 5

What are the purpose of membranes around organelles?

Answer 5

Cellular membranes regulate what enters and leaves through the membrane

Question 6

What are the main differences between a plant and an animal cell?

Answer 6

but plant cells have cells walls, chloroplasts, and large central vacuoles. animal cells have lysosomes and centrioles.

Question 7

Which organelle is the cite of cellular preparation?

Answer 7

the Mitochondrea

Question 8

Which organelle is the cite of photosynthesis?

Answer 8

chloroplast

Question 9

What are the 3 ideas of cell theory?

Answer 9

The cell is basic unit of life; all living things are made up of cells; all cells come from preexisting cells

Question 10

What microscope do we use in our lab?

Answer 10

Compound light microscope

Question 10

What microscope can multiply an object by 500,000x?

Answer 10

Scanning electron microscope

Question 11

What is the difference between and organelle and an organelle structure?

Answer 11

organelles are surounded by membranes and structures are not

Question 12

What is the process used by prokaryotic cells to make more cells?

Answer 12

Binary fusion

Question 13

What is the process used by eukaryotic cells to make more cells?

Answer 13

Mitosis and Meiosis

Question 14

What are the reasons why membranes are often folded in?

Answer 14

To increase surface area and create internal compartments

Question 15

What are the structures and organelles responsible for making proteins?

Answer 15

DNA, nucleus, nucleolus, ribosomes, rough ER, Golgi apparatus, vesicles

Question 16

Photosynthesis is when ____ energy is converted into _____ energy

Answer 16

Sunlight ; Chemical Bond (in glucose)

Question 17

What is the chemical equation for photosynthesis?

Answer 17

Sunlight + 6CO2 + 6H2O > C6H12O6 6O2

Question 18

What makes plant cells appear green?

Answer 18

chlorophyll

Question 19

Where is chlorophyll found?

Answer 19

in the thylakoid membranes within the chloroplast

Question 20

What is the name of the reactions when sunlight is absorbed?

Answer 20

Light dependent reactions

Question 21

What is made in the stroma?

Answer 21

Glucose

Question 22

What is the name of the proccess that happens in the stroma?

Answer 22

The Calvin cylce or the light independed reactions

Question 23

What molecule is used to form glucose in plant cells?

Answer 23

CO2

Question 24

Cellular respiration is an energy transformation process in which ______ energy is transformed into ______ energy.

Answer 24

cehmical bond (in glucose) ; chemical bond (in the ATP)

Question 25

What is the chemical equation for cellular preparation?

Answer 25

C6H12O6 + 6O2 → 6H2O + 6CO2 + 36ATP

Question 26

What are the three steps in cellular preparation?

Answer 26

Glycolysis, Citric Acid Cycle, oxidative phosphorylation

Question 27

Where does the first step in cellular preparation occur?

Answer 27

cytosol

Question 28

Where does the second step of cellular preparation occur?

Answer 28

In the matrix of the mitochondria

Question 29

Whre does the third step of cellular preparation occur?

Answer 29

Within the cristae of the mitochondria

Question 30

What happens durring glycosis?

Answer 30

Glucose is split (lysed) into two parts, releasing energy that is used to make a small amount of ATP and electrons

Question 31

What happens during the Citric Acid Cylcle?

Answer 31

Glucose continues to be broken apart, releasing energy that is used to make a small amount of ATP and more electrons

Question 32

What happens durring oxidative phosphorylation?

Answer 32

The electrons released during glycolysis and the Citric Acid Cycle are used in a series of very complex reactions to produce A LOT of ATP

Question 33

Which part of cellular resparation requires oxygen?

Answer 33

Oxidative phosphorylation

Question 34

In which step of cellular respiration is the greatest amount of ATP produced?

Answer 34

Oxidative phosphorylation

Question 35

What is the name of the energy molecules found in all cells?

Answer 35

ATP

Question 36

how does ATP store energy?

Answer 36

when chemical bonds are formed it is stored there

Question 37

how does ATP release energy?

Answer 37

when the chemical bonds break