Cells and microscopy

Question 1

Organisms can be…

Answer 1

Prokaryotes or Eukaryotes

Question 2

What are Eukaryotic cells?

Answer 2

They are complex and include all animal and plant cells

Question 3

What are Prokaryotic cells?

Answer 3

Smaller and simpler cells like bacteria

Question 4

What are eukaryotes?

Answer 4

organisms made up of eukaryotic cells

Question 5

What are prokaryotes

Answer 5

organisms made out of a prokaryotic cell (single cell organism)

Question 6

Function of a nucleus

Answer 6

contains genetic material that controls the activities of the cell

Question 7

Function of cytoplasm

Answer 7

gel-like substance where most of the chemical reactions happen.

Question 8

Function of cell membrane

Answer 8

holds the cell together and controls what goes in and out

Question 9

Function of mitochondria

Answer 9

these are where most of the reaction for aerobic respiration take place.

Question 10

Function of ribosomes

Answer 10

where proteins are made in the cell

Question 11

Function of the cellulose cell wall (plant cell)

Answer 11

supports and strengthens the cell

Question 12

Function of the LARGE PERMINANT VACUOLE

Answer 12

contains cell sap, a weak solution of sugar and salts

Question 13

Function of Chloroplasts

Answer 13

Where photosynthesis occurs, which makes food for the plant.
Contain chlorophyll which absorbs light needed for photosynthesis.

Question 14

What are bacterial cells?

Answer 14

Prokaryotes
No nucleus- instead they have a singular circular strand of DNA that floats in the cytoplasm.
Contain small rings of DNA called plasmids
Don’t have chloroplasts or mitochondria.

Question 15

Magnification calculation

Answer 15

Magnification= Image size/real size

Question 16

Define magnification

Answer 16

Magnification is how much bigger the image is than the real object that you are looking at.

Question 17

Image size calculation

Answer 17

Image size= magnification x real size

Question 18

Real size calculation

Answer 18

real size= image size/magnification

Question 19

What is a specialised cell

Answer 19

A cell that performs a specific function

Question 20

What is cell differentiation

Answer 20

a process by which a cell changes to become specialised for its job.

Question 21

Function of sperm cells

Answer 21

Used in reproduction to get male DNA to the female DNA

Question 22

Sperm Cell adaptations

Answer 22

• Long tail and a streamlined head to help swim to the egg.
• Lots of mitochondria to provide the cell energy.

Question 23

Function of human nerve cells

Answer 23

to carry electrical impulses from one part of the body to another.

Question 24

Human nerve cell adaptations

Answer 24

The cells are long and have branched connections at their ends to connect to other nerve cells and form a network throughout the body.

Question 25

Animal Muscle cell function

Answer 25

To contract quickly

Question 26

Animal muscle cell adaptations

Answer 26

-Long cells (so they have space to contract. -Contain lots of mitochondria to transfer the energy needed for contraction.

Question 27

Root hair cells function

Answer 27

To absorb water and minerals

Question 28

Root hair cell adaptations

Answer 28

Grow long hairs which give the plant a large surface area for absorbing water and mineral ions from the soil.