Cells and microscopy Flashcards
(27 cards)
state two types of cell
eukaryotic (animals and plants) and prokaryotic
what is the difference between a eukaryotic and a prokaryotic cell
a eukaryotic cell contains a nucleus and membrane bound organelle whereas prokaryotic cell do not
components of both an animal cell and plant cells (5)
-nucleus
-cytoplasm
-cell membrane
-mitochondria
-ribosomes
how is genetic information stored in a eukaryotic cell
within the nucleus, arranged in chromosomes
other than storing genetic info, what does the nucleus do
controls cellular activities
describe the structure of cytoplasm
-fluid component of the cell
-contains organelles, enzymes, and dissolved ions and nutrients
what is the function of cytoplasm
site of cellular reactions eg: first stage of respiration
what is the function of a cell membrane
controls the entry and exit of materials into an d out of the cell
what is the function of mitochondria
site of later stages of aerobic respiration in which ATP is produced
what is the function of ribosomes
joins amino acids in a specific order during translation
which organelles are only found in plant cells
-large, permanent vacuole
-cell wall
-chloroplasts
what is the cell wall made up of
cellulose
what is the function of a cell wall
-provides strength
-prevents the cell bursting when water enters by osmosis
what does the permanent vacuole contain
a solution of salts, sugars and organic acids
what is the function of the permanent vacuole
supports the cell, maintaining its turgidity
what is the function of chloroplasts
site of photosynthesis
when looking at a cell using a light microscope, why do chloroplasts appear green
they contain chlorophyll, a green pigment
organelles found in prokaryotic cells
-chromosomal DNA
-plasmid DNA
-cell wall
-cell membrane
-ribosomes
-flagella
how is genetic information stored in a prokaryotic cell
found free within the cytoplasm as:
-chromosomal DNA
-plasmid DNA
what are plasmids
-small circular loops of dna found free in the cytoplasm and separate from the main DNA
-carry genes that provide genetic advantages eg:antibiotic resistance
what is the prokaryotic cell wall made of
peptidoglycan
what is flagellum
-long rotating, whip like protrusion
-enables bacteria to move
what is a haploid cell
a cell that contains a single copy of each chromosome
eg:23 chromosomes in humans
what is a diploid cell
a cell that contains two copies of each chromosome eg; 46 in humans
