Cells and Microscopy (Key concepts in Biology) Flashcards
(26 cards)
State the 2 types of cells
- Eukaryotic (animals and plants)
- Prokaryotic (bacteria)
What is the difference between eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells?
- Eukaryotic cell –> has a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles
- Prokaryotic cell - does not
List the components of both plant and animal cells (5)
- Nucleus
- Cytoplasm
- Cell membrane
- Mitochondria
- Ribosomes
How is genetic info stored in a eukaryotic (plant or animal) cell?
in the nucleus, arranged in chromosomes
functions of the nucleus (2)
- storing genetic info
- controls cellular activities
Describe the structure of the cytoplasm.
- fliud component of the cell
- contains organells, enzymes and dissolved ions and nutrients
What is the function of cytoplasm?
- site of cellular reaction (first stage of respiration)
What is the function of the cell membrane?
- controls what enters and leaves the cell
What is the function of mitochondria?
- produce energy for the cell (in the form of ATP - adenosine triphosphate - through cellular respiration)
Function of ribosomes
join amino acids in a specific order during translation
Which organelles are only found in plants? (3)
- Large, permament vauole
- Cell wall
- Chloroplasts
What is the cell wall made of?
cellulose
Function of cell wall (2)
- provides strength
- prevents the cell bursting when water enters by osmosis
what does the permanent vacuole contain?
solution of salts, sugars, and organic acids
function of permanent vacuole
supports cell
function of chloroplasts
site of photosynthesis
when looking at a cell using a light microscope, who do chloroplasts appear green?
contain chlorophyl (a green pigment)
List the organelles found in prokaryotic cells (bacteria) (6)
- Chromosomal DNA
- Plasmid DNA
- Cell wall
- Cell membrane
- Ribosomes
- Flagella
How is genetic info stored in a prokaryotic cell?
Found free within cytoplasm as:
- Chromosomal DNA (single large loop of circular DNA)
- Plasmid DNA
What are plasmids?
- small, circular loops of DNA - found free in the cytoplasm and separate from main DNA
- carry genes that provide genteic advantages e.g. antibiotic resistance
What is prokaryotic cell wall made of?
peptidoglycan
what is a flagellum?
- tail - allows bacteria to move
what is a haploid cell?
- cell containing a single copy of each chromosome (half the no. of chromosomes)
- e.g. 23 chromosomes in humans
