Cells And Organ Systems

Question 1

What is osmosis

Answer 1

It’s when water moves from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration.

Question 2

What is diffusion

Answer 2

When particles move from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration.

Question 3

What is equilibrium

Answer 3

When both areas are equal concentration.

Question 4

What is passive transport

Answer 4

No energy needed
Osmosis and diffusion
Can use but doesn’t need proteins
High to low concentration

Question 5

What is active transport

Answer 5

Requires energy
Requires a protein to facilitate
Low to high concentration (against gradient)
Will never hit equilibrium

Question 6

What is a prokaryote cell

Answer 6

Cell that doesn’t enclose DNA in nucleus. Has:
Ribosomes
Cell wall
Cell membrane

Question 7

What is eukaryote cell

Answer 7

Cell that encloses DNA in nucleus, more complex. Has : 
Nucleus
Ribosomes
Chloroplast (in plants)
Mitochondria
Cell wall (in plants)
Cell membrane

Question 8

Name three types of symbiotic relationships

Answer 8

Mutualism parasitism commensalism

Question 9

What type of membrane is the cell membrane. Why?

Answer 9

Semi permeable so some things can get in and out, but not certain things in and out.

Question 10

What 2 types of molecules make up cell membrane

Answer 10

Phosolipids and proteins

Question 11

Do phosolipids mix with water

Answer 11

No

Question 12

How many layers of phosolipids are there

Answer 12

2

Question 13

What is the job of proteins in the membrane

Answer 13

Help get materials across membrane.

Question 14

In areas of high solute, will water move in or out?

Answer 14

In

Question 15

Types of molecules that move in and out of cell

Answer 15

Water both ways sugar in co2 out o2 in waste out excess nutrients both lactic acid uria out

Question 16

What are three organ systems get waste out of the cell and organism

Answer 16

Excretory system (water and nutrients) respiratory system (co2) circulatory (moves out of cell and around body)

Question 17

Main jobs of kidneys

Answer 17

Balance fluid
Control vitamins and nutrients
Release waste products

Question 18

Materials kidneys filter

Answer 18

Vitamins and nutrients
Urea
Excess nutrients 
Water
Acids
Hormones

Question 19

What does the nephron do?

Answer 19

Filter blood

Question 20

Main parts of the cardiovascular system

Answer 20

Heart
Blood vessels (arteries capillaries veins)
Blood

Question 21

What are some factors that increase heart rate

Answer 21

Stress
Adrenaline
Exercise
Happy
Emotions
Medical disorders

Question 22

Factors that decrease heart rate

Answer 22

Drugs
Depression
Resting
Breathing slowly 
Exercising (trains heart muscle to be more effective each pump)

Question 23

Define blood pressure

Answer 23

How hard blood is pumped through body

Question 24

Blood pressure is highest in

Answer 24

Aorta

Question 25

What causes pulse

Answer 25

Expansion and recoil of arteries

Question 26

What does heart rate measure

Answer 26

Pressure of blood against walls of vessel

Question 27

Systolic pressure

Answer 27

When arteries contract

Question 28

What is diastolic pressure

Answer 28

When the arteries are relaxed.

Question 29

In blood pressure reading which is on top what do the numbers refer to

Answer 29

Systolic ———— Diastolic of millimeters the pressure will raise a column of mercury

Question 30

What is average bp rate for teens

Answer 30

120 —— 70

Question 31

What does it mean when a cell is differentiated?

Answer 31

It has a specialized purpose and a different shape. It matters about which genes are turned on or off.

Question 32

What is homeostasis

Answer 32

The constant internal environment of the cell

Question 33

How does a sphygmomanometer measure blood pressure?

Answer 33

It wraps around upper arm | The gauge measures pressure

Question 34

How does a stethoscope measure blood pressure?

Answer 34

It listens to the different sounds that occur.

Question 35

How is an ectothermic animal different from humans

Answer 35

Their body temp is the same temp as the surroundings, basically.

Question 36

What is thermoregation

Answer 36

Maintenance of internal temps within range that lets cells work.

Question 37

How do ectothermic animals achieve thermoregulation

Answer 37

Basking in the sun or burrowing in the mud.

Question 38

What does Q2 stand for?

Answer 38

The rate doubles by 2 with a 10* C increase in temp.

Question 39

What is a flagella

Answer 39

It’s a whip like tail that’s used for propulsion

Question 40

What is cilla

Answer 40

Small hairs surrounding the cell membrane

Question 41

What is pseudoephedrine

Answer 41

Extensions of the cell membrane that pulls itself around.

Question 42

Where can flagella be found

Answer 42

Euglena

Question 43

Where can cilla be found

Answer 43

Paramecium

Question 44

Where can psedophobia be found

Answer 44

Amoeba

Question 45

What is locomotion

Answer 45

The result of muscles pulling on skeletal systems

Question 46

What do joints allow for

Answer 46

Parts of the body to flex and extend allowing for motion

Question 47

What do ligaments attach to

Answer 47

Bones at the joints

Question 48

Where do muscles attach to

Answer 48

Bones by tendons