Cells and Proteins Flashcards
(27 cards)
Describe an organisms ‘genome’
complete set of DNA, containing both the protein coding regions and the non protein coding regions of DNA
what’s a proteome?
entire set of proteins that can be expressed from the genome
why is the proteome much bigger than the genome?
alternative RNA splicing
post translational modification
what is the monomer of a protein
amino acid
what happens to an amino acid when in aqueous solution?
nh2 gains a hydrogen forming nh3+
cooh loses a hydrogen forming coo-
what are the four classes of amino acids?
acidic
basic
polar
hydrophobic
(phab)
give an example of an acidic amino acid
aspartic acid
give an example of a polar functional group
oh
give an example of a basic amino acid
lysine
give an example of a hydrophobic amino acid
alanine
is acidic amino acid class positively or negatively charged
negatively charged
what kind of bonds can polar r groups form with molecules such as water
hydrogen bonds
why do hydrophobic r groups not readily mix with water
they carry no charge and so don’t form hydrogen bonds with water
what type of reaction is it that occurs when amino acids are joined together during translation
condensation, water is produced
what is the bond called that links amino acids
peptide bond
what is present at the n terminus of a polypeptide chain
nh2
where can a cooh be found in a polypeptide
at a c terminus
describe a primary structure of a protein
the order in which the amino acids are synthesised from an n terminus to a c terminus
what is the secondary structure mainly stabilized by (type of bond)
hydrogen bonds
where do hydrogen bonds exist between on the polypeptide chain
different peptide bonds
between the nh and c=o of another peptide bond
what are the two types of secondary structure
alpha helix
beta sheet
describe an alpha helix
spiral of polypeptide chain
r groups sticking outwards
where do the r groups sit in a beta sheet
above and below the main chain
what are the two types of beta sheets you can get
parallel and antiparallel
