Cells and tissue types

Question 1

What is a tissue?

Answer 1

A group of similar (not identical) cells working to carry out a function

Question 2

What are the four types of tissue?

Answer 2

Epithelial, connective, muscular, nervous

Question 3

What is connective tissue?

Answer 3

Used for mechanical support, e.g. fibroblasts/chondrocytes/adipocytes

Question 4

What is epithelial tissue?

Answer 4

Covers organ surfaces and provides a barrier between organs and the external environment

Question 5

What do muscles cells do?

Answer 5

Locomotion and movement within organs

Question 6

What are macrophages?

Answer 6

Phagocytes involved in immune system
Phagocytose foreign material in connective tissue layer
Antigen presenting cells
Develop from monocytes - can have specialised names in different environments

Question 7

Can you distinguish between macrophages and fibroblasts?

Answer 7

No

Question 8

What are the sic types of immune cell?

Answer 8

Esinophil
Basophil
Macrophage
Erythrocyte
Lymphocyte
Neutrophil

Question 9

What are neurons?

Answer 9

Cells of CNS and peripheral nervous system

Question 10

What are the five classifications of epithelia?

Answer 10

Simple
Stratified 
Squamous
Cuboidal
Columnal

Question 11

What are simple epithelial cells?

Answer 11

One layer

Question 12

What are stratified epithelial cells?

Answer 12

Multiple layers

Question 13

What are squamous epithelial cells?

Answer 13

Flattened cells

Question 14

What are cuboidal epithelial cells?

Answer 14

Cube-shaped cells

Question 15

What are columnar epithelial cells?

Answer 15

Column/rectangle shaped

Question 16

Which type of cell occupies the space between cellular and fibrous elements of connective tissue?

Answer 16

Proteoglycans, they determine the permeability of connective tissue to solutes and proteins

Question 17

What is the most common type of cartilage?

Answer 17

Hyaline cartilage

Question 18

What three components make up hyaline cartilage?

Answer 18

Chondrocytes
Type ii collagen fibres
Extracellular matrix

Question 19

What is the fatal skeleton made out of and why does this change?

Answer 19

Hyaline cartilage but this is reabsorbed and replaced by bone

Question 20

How does elastic cartilage differ to hyaline cartilage?

Answer 20

The ECM contains more elastin

Question 21

Characteristics of fibrocartilage

Answer 21

Opaque
Little proteoglycans but lots of collagen I
Highly compressive and strong

Question 22

What is adipose tissue?

Answer 22

Fat - loose tissue with adipocytes

Question 23

Function of adipose tissue

Answer 23

insulation, energy storage, protection

Question 24

What are the three types of muscle tissue?

Answer 24

Skeletal
Smooth
Cardiac

Question 25

Characteristics of simple squamous cells

Answer 25

Single layer of flat cells and flat nuclei | Involved in diffusion across layer they form

Question 26

Examples of simple squamous cells

Answer 26

Endothelium and mesothelium

Question 27

What does mesothelium do?

Answer 27

Lines body cavities

Question 28

Characteristics of simple cuboidal cells

Answer 28

Single layer of cube-like cells Common in glands and ducts e.g. kidney tubules Often polarised Used in absorption and secretion

Question 29

What is a polarised cell?

Answer 29

Top and bottom of cell have different functions

Question 30

Characteristics of simple columnar cells

Answer 30

Single layer of tall cells Height varies depending on function Nuclei often seen on basal part of cell

Question 31

Example of simple columnar cells

Answer 31

Goblet cells (produce mucous), found in digestive tract lining

Question 32

Characteristics of pseudo stratified cells

Answer 32

Single layer of cells with varying heights Often looks like double cell layer Sometimes ciliated

Question 33

Examples of pseudo-stratified cells

Answer 33

Basal and columnar cells | May function in absorption and secretion

Question 34

Characteristics of stratified squamous cells

Answer 34

Most common Can be keratinised or non-keratinised Basal cells proliferate and replace differentiated cells on outer surface

Question 35

Example of stratified squamous cells

Answer 35

Skin/oesophagus

Question 36

Characteristics of connective tissue

Answer 36

Most abundant tissue | Found everywhere in body

Question 37

Functions of connective tissue

Answer 37

Binds tissue together Supports body Inflammatory response

Question 38

Which types of cells are present in connective tissue?

Answer 38

Fibroblasts Adipocytes Macrophages

Question 39

What is connective tissue made from?

Answer 39

Fibres and extracellular matrix - made from collagen and elastic

Question 40

What are the two types of connective tissue?

Answer 40

Loose and dense

Question 41

What are the two types of dense connective tissue? Give examples

Answer 41

Dense regular - tendons | Dense irregular - skin

Question 42

Function of dense regular connective tissue

Answer 42

Resistance to traction forces | it is collagenous and has lots of connective tissue

Question 43

What does collagenous mean?

Answer 43

Regular orientation of collagen, low cellularity

Question 44

What is elastic tissue?

Answer 44

Elastin clearly visible inside trichrome

Question 45

Function of dense irregular connective tissue

Answer 45

Mechanical support

Question 46

Characteristics of loose connective tissue

Answer 46

Cellular and contains excess fluid Structural support of epithelia of major organs Transports cells and materials Most common connective tissue

Question 47

Function of fibroblasts

Answer 47

Synthesises collagen and components of extracellular matrix

Question 48

Characteristics of fibroblasts

Answer 48

Enlarged nuclei, small amount of cytoplasm, elongated shape