Cells and Tissues

Question 1

What are cells?

Answer 1

The basic structural and functional unit.

Question 2

What are tissues?

Answer 2

Groups of cells with similar structure and perform related functions.

Question 3

What are organs?

Answer 3

Structure comprising of 2 or more tissues with related functions.

Question 4

What is the function of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER)?

Answer 4

It is where chemical reactions occur.
Rough: Transports proteins.
Smooth: Makes lipids/fats and stores calcium.

Question 5

What is the function of ribosomes?

Answer 5

They are the site of protein synthesis.

Question 6

What is the function of the golgi body?

Answer 6

Modifies proteins and packages them in vesicles for secretion.

Question 7

What is the function of lysosomes?

Answer 7

Break down worn out organelles and materials that enter the cell.
Contain digestive enzymes.

Question 8

What is the function of the mitochondria?

Answer 8

Site of aerobic respiration.
Produces ATP.
Powerhouse of the cell.

Question 9

What is the function of the nucleus?

Answer 9

Stores genetic material (DNA) that code for proteins.
Controls the cell’s activities.

Question 10

What is the function of the nucleolus?

Answer 10

Makes ribosomes.

Question 11

What is the function of vacuoles?

Answer 11

Storage

Question 12

What does ATP stand for?

Answer 12

Adenosine tri-phosphate.

Question 13

What is the function of centrioles?

Answer 13

Cell division.
Forms spindle fibres.

Question 14

What is the cytoplasm?

Answer 14

The contents of the cell that holds the organelles.

Question 15

What are the 2 parts of the cytoplasm?

Answer 15

Cytosol and cytoskeleton.

Question 16

What makes up the cytoskeleton?

Answer 16

Microfilaments and microtubules.

Question 17

What is the function of microtubules?

Answer 17

Help keep the shape of the cell.
Hold organelles in place and help move them.

Question 18

What is the function of microfilaments?

Answer 18

Move materials around the cytoplasm/cell.

Question 19

What do organelles do?

Answer 19

They maintain life processes and require the input of materials and the removal of wastes to support efficient functioning of the cell.

Question 20

What are the 4 basic types of tissues?

Answer 20

Epithelial, connective, nervous and muscular.

Question 21

What is the function of epithelial tissue?

Answer 21

It a covering or lining tissue.

Question 22

Where is epithelial tissue found?

Answer 22

Inter layer of the heart, kidneys, lungs, intestines and liver.

Question 23

What is the function of connective tissue?

Answer 23

Provides support for the body and helps to hold all the body parts together.

Question 24

Where is connective tissue found?

Answer 24

Bone, blood, cartilage, tendons and ligaments.

Question 25

What is the function of nervous tissue?

Answer 25

Send/carries messages from one part of the body to another.

Question 26

Where is nervous tissue found?

Answer 26

Brain, spinal cord and nerves.

Question 27

What is the function of muscular tissue?

Answer 27

To respond to a stimulus and contract, becoming shorter.

Question 28

What are the three types of muscular tissue?

Answer 28

Skeletal, smooth and cardiac.

Question 29

What is the function of skeletal muscle?

Answer 29

Movement of bones.

Question 30

Where is skeletal muscle found?

Answer 30

Muscles attached to bone like arms and legs.

Question 31

What is the function of smooth muscle?

Answer 31

Movement of internal organs.

Question 32

Where is smooth muscle found?

Answer 32

Walls of stomach/intestines, blood vessels, the iris, uterus, etc.

Question 33

What is the function of cardiac muscle?

Answer 33

Heart beating.

Question 34

Where is cardiac muscle found?

Answer 34

The heart. Makes up most of it.

Question 35

What muscles are striated?

Answer 35

Skeletal and cardiac.

Question 36

What muscle is multi nucleated?

Answer 36

Skeletal

Question 37

What is the shape and fibres of skeletal muscle?

Answer 37

Long, cylindrical shape and bundled fibres.

Question 38

What is the shape and fibres of smooth muscle?

Answer 38

Short, cylindrical shape and network fibres. (matrix)

Question 39

What is the shape and fibres of cardiac muscle?

Answer 39

Spindle shape and sheet fibres.

Question 40

What muscle has voluntary control?

Answer 40

Skeletal

Question 41

What muscle can have fatigue?

Answer 41

Skeletal

Question 42

Which muscle has interrelated discs present?

Answer 42

Cardiac

Question 43

Which muscles have quick contractions?

Answer 43

Skeletal and cardiac.

Question 44

What is the function of microvilli in the small intestine?

Answer 44

To increase the surface area to absorb more nutrients.