cells and tissues Flashcards
(28 cards)
What are eukaryotic cells larger and more complex than?
Prokaryotic cells
Eukaryotic cells have DNA enclosed in a nucleus.
What is the function of the cell-surface membrane?
Controls entry/exit
It is a fluid-mosaic of phospholipids, proteins, and cholesterol.
What does the nucleus contain?
Chromosomes and nucleolus
The nucleolus is involved in rRNA and ribosome assembly.
What is the role of mitochondria?
ATP generation via respiration
The double membrane and cristae increase surface area for this process.
What is the function of Rough ER?
Synthesises and transports proteins
What is the primary function of Smooth ER?
Lipid and carbohydrate synthesis
What does the Golgi apparatus do?
Modifies, packages, and transports macromolecules
It produces vesicles and lysosomes.
What are lysosomes?
Vesicles with hydrolytic enzymes for intracellular digestion
What is the main structural component of the plant cell wall?
Cellulose
What is the site of photosynthesis in plant cells?
Chloroplasts
Thylakoids are for light reactions, stroma is for the Calvin cycle.
What is the function of the vacuole in plant cells?
Maintains turgor pressure and stores cell sap
What characterizes prokaryotic cells?
Lack nucleus and membrane-bound organelles
What type of DNA do prokaryotic cells have?
Circular DNA in cytoplasm and plasmids
What is the size of ribosomes in prokaryotic cells?
70S
What is the composition of the prokaryotic cell wall?
Murein
What is the purpose of mitosis in eukaryotes?
Ensures genetically identical daughter cells
What happens during interphase?
DNA and organelle replication
What occurs during prophase?
Chromatin condenses and spindle forms
What is the significance of metaphase?
Alignment on the metaphase plate
What happens during anaphase?
Chromatids separate
What is the final stage of mitosis?
Telophase and cytokinesis
Nuclear envelopes reform and cytoplasm divides.
What is binary fission?
Replication of DNA and plasmids, followed by cell membrane pinching to form two daughter cells
What is cell specialization?
Cells differentiate by expressing specific genes
What is an example of a specialized muscle cell?
Abundant mitochondria for energy
