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MCM ILS - Immersive Learning Sessions > Cells and Tissues > Flashcards

Cells and Tissues Flashcards

1
Q

Cholesterol’s major function in cell membrane:

A

Fluidity

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2
Q

Hepatocytes have how many nuclei?

A

up to 2

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3
Q

_______ and ______ are multinucleated

A

Osteoclasts and muscle fibers

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4
Q

Euchromatin vs heterochromatin

A

E: Loose and transcribed (stains light)
H: Dense and not transcribed (stains dark)

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5
Q

Standard tissue preparation consists of which staining?

A

Hematoxylin and Eosin

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6
Q

Hematoxylin

A

It is basic (+) and is attracted to the negatively charged backbone of DNA/RNA, dyes the nucleus blue

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7
Q

Eosin

A

it is negatively charged and acidic (-) and will dye the cytoplasm pink

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8
Q

The space between inner and outter membranes of the nuclear envelope

A

Cisterna

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9
Q

Shelf like folds in mitochondria

What is their function?

A

Cristae

Increase surface area for ATP production

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10
Q

Microtubules - vs +

A
  • end is closer to the nucleus

+ end grows out towards the cell membrane

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11
Q

Kinesin

A

Walks from negative to positive end

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12
Q

Dynein

A

Walks from positive to negative end

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13
Q

Major stuctures made from microtubules

A

Flagella and cilia

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14
Q

Microtubules are made up of:

A

Alpha-tubulin

Beta-tubulin

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15
Q

2 types of actin

A

G-actin - globular

F-actin - FIlamentous

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16
Q

Light microscopy vs electron microscopy magnification

A

LM: 2,000 X
EM: 1,000,000 X

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17
Q

Transmission vs scanning EM

A

Transmission: Image viewed on a flouresecent screen, internal structures are viewed
Scanning: Image viewed on monitor, surface is viewed, 3 D specimen

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18
Q

Fixation

A

Preserve tissue woth formalin

19
Q

Embedding

A

Uses paraffin

20
Q

Order of tissue preparation

A

Fixation
Embedding
Sectioning
Staining

21
Q

Histological sections:

A

Cross
Longitudinal
Tangential - off to the side or at an angle

22
Q

Cell memranes are not visualized by ______ microscopy but is visualized as ______ in ______ microscopy

A

Light
a trilaminar structure
Electron

23
Q

Two molecule types that are not stained by dye

A

Lipids and glycogen

They appear white or are lost in the process

24
Q

Which organelle initiates cell apoptosis

A

Mitochondria

25
Q

Ribosomes and sub units

A

Consist of small subunits and large subunits
Small subunit contains 1 mRNA
Large contains 2 mRNA

26
Q

Ribosomes can be found attacher to:

A

RER and outer nuclear membrane

27
Q

Ribosomes sit on the _____ surface of RER

A

Cytoplasmic

28
Q

Unfolded protein response

A

Leads to cell death if there is an accumulation of unfolded or misfolded proteins

29
Q

the nuclear side of Golgi apparatus and is in close proximity to ER

A

cis-Golgi network

30
Q

The portion of Golgi whic is closer to the cell membrane

A

trans-Golgi network

31
Q

Function of the Golgi apparatus

A

Post translational modification - activate proteins
Elaborates membrane lipids
Produces lysosomes

32
Q

primary, secondary and tertiary lysosomes

A

1: Newly formed, no digested material
2: larger, heterogeneous, contain ingested material
3: Oldest and present in old cells (nerve and cardiac cells)

33
Q

Autolysis

A

When lysosomes spill enzymatic contents which lead to cell death

34
Q

Peroxisomes

A

Mainly perform oxidative reactions

35
Q

Peroxisomes are most prominent in which cell types?

A

Hepatocytes, proximal tubule cells of kidney

36
Q

In actin filaments, the fast growing end is referred to as the ___ end and the slow growing is referred to as a the ___ end

A

+

-

37
Q

____ are composed of Actin

A

Microvilli

38
Q

Anterograde transport

A

From Golgi to membrane

39
Q

Retrograde transport

A

From membrane to Golgi

40
Q

Smooth ER functions

A

Lipid synthesis

Detoxification of compunds

41
Q

_________ association is important in maintaining biconcave shape of red blood cell.

A

Spectrin-actin

42
Q

Ribosomal which are docked in the RER are crucial for:

A

Synthesis and export of proteins

43
Q

Free ribosomes function

A

Protien synthesis for local needs

44
Q

Cytoplasmic basophilia

A

Ribosomes stain blue because the RNA (-) attracts basic hematoxylin (+)

In cells that actively produce protein, the cytoplasm appears blue because there is an abundance of ribosomes

MCM ILS - Immersive Learning Sessions (4 decks)

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