Cells and Tissues of the Nervous System Flashcards
Are neurons or glial cells excitable?
Neurons
What causes impulse transmission in neurons?
Action potential
How are sensory neurons different from motor neurons?
Sensory have cell bodies outside of the CNS within dorsal root ganglion
What is the function of myelin sheath?
Increases conduction speed in axons as action potentials can jump from node to node
What is the myelin sheath formed by?
Schwann cells in PNS
Oligodendrocytes in CNS
What type of neurons are motor neurons?
Multipolar neurons
What type of neurons are sensory neurons?
Psuedounipolar - these skip the cell body and go straight to ends of neutron in spinal cord
What neurons are bipolar neurons?
Olfactory mucosa and retinal nerve fibres
What forms ganglions outside the CNS and nuclei inside the CNS?
Collection of cell bodies and non-myelinated axons
What do collections of myelinated axons form?
White matter outside CNS or tracts within CNS
What are the different types of glial cells?
Astrocytes, Microglia, Oligodendrocytes, Schwann cells, Satellite cells, Ependymal cells
Describe astrocytes?
Endfeet, surround synapses and capillaries
Describe microglia?
Phagocytosis
Scar tissue formation
Describe oligodendrocytes?
Myelination
Describe satellite cells?
Surround neuronal bodies
Describe ependymal cells?
Line ventricles
What makes up the diencephalon?
Hypothalamus and thalamus
What is the cerebrum?
Seat of consciousness
What is the cerebellum?
For balance and coordination
What does the brainstem contain?
Vital centres and pathway for fibre tracts
What are the cavities in the adult brain called?
Ventricles
What do the ventricles contain?
Cerebrospinal fluid
Where are the ventricles?
Lateral ventricles in cerebral hemisphere
III ventricle in the diencephalon
Cerebral aqueduct in the midbrain
IV ventricle in the hindbrain
What are the characteristics of the dura mater?
Tough, fibrous and has dural folds
