Cells: Animal, Plant And Bacterial Cells Flashcards
(26 cards)
Name the cell structures in both plant and animal cells (5)
Nucleus
Cytoplasm
Cell membrane
Mitochondria
Ribosomes
Name the extra structures plant cells contain that animal cells don’t (3)
Chloroplast
Vacuole
Cell wall
State the function of the nucleus
Contains genetic information (DNA)
State the function of the cytoplasm
Liquid in which chemical reactions take place
Contain organelles and enzymes
State the function of the cell membrane
Controls what enters and leaves the cell
State the function of mitochondria
Where respiration takes place
Producing energy for the cell
State the function of ribosomes
Where proteins are made
State the function of the vacuole
Improves rigidity of the cell
Contains cell sap
State the function of the cell wall
Provides strength
State the function of chloroplasts
Contains chlorophyll which is used in photosynthesis
What do bacterial cells contain instead of a nucleus (2)
Plasmid
Single circular strand of DNA
What are the adaptations of the sperm cell (2)
Many mitochondria- releases extra energy so the sperm cell can swim to the egg
Acrosome- contains digestive enzymes which dissolve the outer layer of the egg cell so sperm cell can enter
What is the sperm cell specialised for (like it’s job)
Specialised to carry male DNA to the egg cell for successful reproduction
What are the adaptions of a nerve cell (2)
Axon is long- allows impulses to be transmitted over long distances
Long dendrites- so connections can be made between other nerve cells
What is the nerve cell specialised for (like it’s job)
Specialised to carry electrical signals from one place in the body to another
What are the adaptations of the muscle cell (2)
Many proteins- special proteins slide over each other causing the muscle to contract
Many mitochondria- provides energy for muscle contraction
What are the adaptions of a root hair cell (2)
Large surface area- allows more water to be moved in by osmosis
Lots of mitochondria- provide lots of energy for active transport of ions
What is the root hair cell specialised for (like it’s job)
Specialised to take up water by osmosis and mineral ions by active transport from the soil
What is the xylem cells adaption
Walls thickened with lignin- allows cell to withstand water pressure
Describe the structure of the xylem cells (3)
Made up of dead cells
Contains no cytoplasm / is hollow
Contains lignin
Describe the function of xylem cells (3)
Transports water and mineral ions
Transport unidirectional
Invoked in transpiration
What is the xylem cell specialised for (like it’s job)
Specialised to take water and mineral ions up the plant from the roots to the shoots
What is the adaption of the phloem cell
End cell walls contain sieve plates- allows movement of sugars
Describe the structure of the phloem cells (3)
Made up of alive cells
Does not contain lignin
Contains cytoplasm
