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A & P > Cells - ch 3 > Flashcards

Cells - ch 3 Flashcards

1
Q
  • “living matter”
  • substance that only exists in cells
  • fills space between plasma membrane & nucleus
A

cytoplasm

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2
Q
  • separates cell from interstitial fluid
  • plasma membrane
  • outer boundary of cell
A

plasma membrance

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3
Q
  • contained within cytoplasm of each cell

- organs of the cell

A

organelles

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4
Q

3 main parts of the cell

A
  • plasma membrane
  • cytoplasm
  • nucleus
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5
Q
  • “protein factories”
  • attached to rough ER or lie free in cytoplasm
  • makes enzymes & other protein compounds
  • made of mostly RNA
A

ribosomes

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6
Q
  • network of connecting sacs & canals

- rough & smooth types

A

endoplasmic reticulum

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7
Q

collects, fold & transports proteins

A

rough ER

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8
Q

synthesizes chemicals & makes new membranes

A

smooth ER

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9
Q
  • chemical processing & packaging center
  • moves smooth ER out to plasma membrane
  • group of flattened sacs near nucleus
A

golgi apparatus

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10
Q
  • “power house”
  • made of inner & outer membranous sacs
  • involved with energy releasing chemical reactions
A

mitochondria

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11
Q
  • membranous walled organelles
  • contain digestive enzymes
  • eat microbes (protection)
A

lysosomes

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12
Q
  • regions of cytoplasm near nucleus

- microtubule organizing center of cell

A

centrosome

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13
Q

3 types of cell “extensions”

A
  • microvilli
  • cilia
  • flagella
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14
Q
  • small, finger like extensions of plasma membrane

- increase absorptive surface area of cell

A

microvilli

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15
Q
  • fine, hairlike extensions found on free or exposed surfaces
  • capable of moving in unison in a wavelike fashion
A

cilia

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16
Q
  • single projection extending from cell

- “tails” of sperm cells

A

flagella

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17
Q

-“brain” of the cell

A

nucleus

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18
Q

dense region of nuclear material

A

nucleolus

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19
Q
  • made of two separate membranes

- contains nuclear pores

A

nuclear envelope

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20
Q

controls cell because it contains DNA

A

chromatin

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21
Q
  • does not use any energy for movement

- moves “down” the concentration gradient

A

passive transport

22
Q
  • uses energy (ATP) for movement
  • occurs only in living cells
  • moves “up” the concentration gradient
A

active transport

23
Q
  • substances scatter themselves evenly throughout as available space
  • movement is from high to low concentration
A

diffusion

24
Q

diffusion of water (when solutes cannot cross the membrane)

A

osmosis

25
Q

diffusion of solutes

A

dialysis

26
Q
  • movement of water & solutes caused by hydrostatic pressure on one side of membrane
  • responsible for urine formation
A

filtration

27
Q

types of passive transport

A
  • diffusion
  • osmosis
  • dialysis
  • filtration
28
Q

types of active transport

A
  • ion pumps
  • phagocytosis
  • pinocytosis
29
Q

uses energy from ATP to move substances across cell membranes against their concentration gradient

A

ion pumps

30
Q

protective mechanism used to destroy bacteria

A

phagocytosis

31
Q

used to incorporate fluids or dissolved substances into cells

A

pinocytosis

32
Q
  • process of transferring genetic info from nucleus to cytoplasm(where proteins are produced)
  • occurs in cytoplasm
A

protein synthesis

33
Q

transcription

A

double stranded DNA separates to form RNA

34
Q

translation

A
  • requires use of info contained in mRNA

- involves synthesis of proteins in cytoplasm by ribosomes

35
Q

series of 3 nucleotide bases that act as a code for a specific amino acid

A

codon

36
Q

reproduction of cell involving division of the nucleus & the cytoplasm

A

cell life cycle

37
Q
  • process in cell division that distributes identical chromosomes to each new cell formed when the original cell divides
  • enables cells to reproduce their own kind
A

mitosis

38
Q
  • chromatin granules become organized
  • chromosomes appear
  • centrioles move away from nucleus
  • nuclear envelope disappears
  • spindle fibers appear
A

prophase

39
Q
  • chromosomes align across center of cell

- spindle fibers attach themselves to each chromatid

A

metaphase

40
Q
  • centromeres break apart
  • separated chromatids now called chromosomes
  • chromosomes pulled to opposite ends of cell
  • cleavage furrow develops
A

anaphase

41
Q
  • cell division is complete
  • nuclei appear in daughter cells
  • nuclear envelope & nucleoli appear
  • cytoplasm is divided
  • daughter cells become fully functional
A

telophase

42
Q

prophase

A
  • chromatin granules become organized
  • chromosomes appear
  • centrioles move away from nucleus
  • nuclear envelope disappears
  • spindle fibers appear
43
Q

metaphase

A
  • chromosomes align across center of cell

- spindle fibers attach themselves to each chromatid

44
Q

anaphase

A
  • centromeres break apart
  • separated chromatids now called chromosomes
  • chromosomes pulled to opposite ends of cell
  • cleavage furrow develops
45
Q

telophase

A
  • cell division is complete
  • nuclei appear in daughter cells
  • nuclear envelope & nucleoli appear
  • cytoplasm is divided
  • daughter cells become fully functional
46
Q

hypertrophy

A
  • increase in size of individual cell

- increase size of tissue

47
Q

atrophy

A
  • decrease in size of individual cell

- decreases size of tissue

48
Q

hyperplasia

A
  • increase in cell reproduction

- increases size of tissue

49
Q

anaplasia

A

production of abnormal, undifferentiated cells

50
Q

gene

A

a segmented base pair in a chromosome

A & P (5 decks)

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