Cells, ions, n shit Flashcards
(86 cards)
Carbohydrates) classes
F:
= Mono-, Di-, Poly-saccharides
= Structure & Source of energy
Intercalated discs:
Discs speed Vs standard cell membrane:
Syncytium:
= (only heart) Special tissue bands inbetween myocardial cells increase AP cell spread rate(400x) for thus Syncytium
= 400x faster than standard cell membrane drom/Inotropy
= Group of cardiac cells physiologically function as a unit, “working together in sync” “top in syncytium to bottom”
1Hemostasis:
2Inflammation:
3Epithelialization:
4Neovascular:
5Collagen synthesis:
1= vaso/strict, platelet aggregate, coagulation fibrin (normothermic)
2= Granulocytes, macrophages & Lymphocytes eat, Mast cells released
3= “rebuild” epithelial cells go to wound making scab ~48Hrs after cut
4= new capillaries made (neo new) via previous cap/s +exchanging
5 = fibroblasts go to wound & synthesize collagen creating scar (w/ tension lines quicker/better), Too much synthetization makes Keloid
Epithelialization of skin healing process
= “rebuilding” epithelial cells go to wound making scab ~48Hrs from initial exposure
Collagen synthesis of skin healing process
= fibroblasts go to wound & synthesize collagen creating scar (w/ tension lines quicker/better), Too much synthetization makes Keloid
cells sent with Inflammation stage of soft tissue healing
Granulocytes, macrophages & Lymphocytes eat & Mast cells released
phagocytosis:
macrophages eats & grows bad bacteria then grow a flag to show what antibodies to make for cellular response
Blood:
Plasma:
Leukocytes:
Erythrocytes:
= Mixture of water, cells, proteins, & suspended elements.
= makes up 55% of the blood volume
= WBC & platelets make up the “Buffy Coat”
= RBC make up 45%
Platelet Phase of hemostasis:
2nd phase, Platelets aggregate, or collect and adhere. Slows hemorrhage from capillaries and small vessels- splint fractures to decrease of clots being broken down & bleeding again
Coagulation Phase of hemostasis:
3rd phase Clotting factors activated and released into bloodstream through a very complex cascade of events Triggers series of chemical reactions; formation of strong protein fibers (fibrin)
Blood-Brain Barrier) built so:
Prevents & Protects:
= CNS capillary walls thicker, more complete, not as permeable as elsewhere in body.
= Doesn’t permit interstitial flow of proteins & materials as freely as normal capillaries, Protects w/ need lipid loving to get through, anything that can get through can cause damage
Baroreceptors) Fn:
A&P:
= receptors that monitor blood pressure
= Great vessels recept/ Gives feedback to brain > Sympathetic NS Activation, AArch & carotid arteries> feedback to medulla >SNS
CNS blood supply) 1 Brain’s % of body weight & uses for ATP
2 Brains Oxy & glucose consumption:
Brain is supplied by:
1= 2% }Uses lots of blood & oxy, can only use glucose for ATP
2= Consumes 25% of body’s glucose & 20% of oxygen supply
3= Circle of Willis} Carotid system (anterior) & Vertebrobasilar system (posterior)
Most prevalent intracellular Ion=
Most prevalent extracellular ion=
Potassium
Sodium
Hyperkalemia affects leads to=
messed up cell membranes leaking out of cells
Bone Cells
Osteoblasts, Osteocytes, Osteoclasts,
Osteoblasts:
= Promote bone repair after fractures by producing bone matrix; important in PTs w/ broken bones.
Osteoprogenitor Cells:
bone Stem cells that differentiate into osteoblasts, aiding in bone repair post-fracture; important in bone repair from bone trauma
Osteocytes:
Help maintain bone structure & strength; crucial for understanding PTs w/ bone diseases like osteoporosis.
Osteoclasts:
Osteoclast disorders:
Resorb bone to regulate Ca+ levels, critical in PTs w/ metabolic bone disorders or Ca imbalances
= Osteoporosis & Osteopenia
Chondrocytes:
Maintain cartilage
Blood Cells:
= RBC (Erythrocytes), WBC (Leukocytes), platelets (Thrombocytes)
Erythrocytes F:
RBC Transport O2; critical in hypoxia or hemorrhage management.
Leukocytes
WBC Fight infections; increased & sent to areas of sepsis or infection.
