Cells, Life Processes and Organisms

Question 1

What is the full form of MRS H GREN?

Answer 1

M = movement
R = respiration
S = sensitivity
H = homeostasis
G = growth
R = reproduction
E = excretion
N = nutrition

Question 2

What is homeostasis?

Answer 2

Homeostasis is when an organism is able to keep internal conditions constant.

Question 3

What is homeostasis?

Answer 3

Homeostasis is when an organism is able to keep internal conditions constant.

Question 4

What are the 5 kingdoms of life?

Answer 4

Animal, plant, fungi, protoctists, bacteria.

Question 5

Which kingdoms of life have no cell walls?

Answer 5

The animal kingdom and protoctists kingdom.

Question 6

What are the cell walls of plant kingdoms made up off?

Answer 6

Cellulose.

Question 7

What are cell walls of fungi made up off?

Answer 7

Chitin.

Question 8

What are the cell walls of bacteria are up of?

Answer 8

Peptidoglycan.

Question 9

What kingdoms reproduce asexually?

Answer 9

Plant, fungi, protoctists and bacteria.

Question 10

What kingdoms feed on other organisms?

Answer 10

Animals, protoctists and bacteria.

Question 11

What are organelles that are in plant cells but not in animal cells?

Answer 11

Cell walls, permanent vacuole, chloroplasts.

Question 12

What are the organelles in a animal cell?

Answer 12

Cytoplasm, nucleus, ribosomes , mitochondria, cell membrane.

Question 13

What is the difference between a cell membrane and cell wall?

Answer 13

A cell wall gives the cell shape and is freely permeable while a cell membrane is selectively permeable and controls what goes in and out.

Question 14

What do fungi, protoctists and plants have in common?

Answer 14

They are all single celled.

Question 15

What is the use of mitochondria?

Answer 15

Mitochondria are the site of respiration. The more energy a cell needs, the more mitochondria it has.

Question 16

What are features of a prokaryote?

Answer 16

They have no organelles but contain cytoplasm, cell walls, flagellum, cell membrane and, capsule, plasmids, pili, ribosomes and a nucleoid.

Question 17

What is a capsule in prokaryotic cells?

Answer 17

A capsule is a sticky substance on the outer layer of a prokaryotic cell that allows other prokaryotes to stick to its surface.

Question 18

What is the difference between a nucleus and nucleoid?

Answer 18

A nucleus has a membrane while a nucleoid doesn’t.

Question 19

What is the functions of pili in a prokaryotic cell?

Answer 19

Pili are hollow tubes that can transfer dna to nearby cells.

Question 20

How are multicellular organisms organized?

Answer 20

The levels of organization are :-
Cell
Tissue
Organs
Organ systems
Organism

Question 21

What are adaptations of a root hair cell?

Answer 21

A root hair cell has a long protrusion that increases the surface area for absorption of water and minerals. It also has lots of mitochondria in order to respire.

Question 22

What are the functions and adaptations of a sperm cell?

Answer 22

A sperm cell is used to fertilize egg cells. They have a flagellum for movement, lots of mitochondria for respiration and acrosomes, that are enzymes that break down egg cells in order for the nuclei of the sperm and egg cell to join.

Question 23

What is a zygote?

Answer 23

A zygote is single a fertilized egg cell, not an embryo.

Question 24

What are the adaptations of xylem cells?

Answer 24

Xylem cells are cylindrical which allow them to stack on top of each other, they’re surrounded in lignin, which stops the plant from moving/wiggling, and they are a dead cells which means that they have no organelles for maximum space.

Question 25

What is the function of a xylem cell?

Answer 25

A xylem cell is a plant cell that transports water from the roots into different parts of a plant.

Question 26

What is an acrosome?

Answer 26

Acrosome are enzymes that break down the egg cell for the nuclei of a sperm and egg cell to join.

Question 27

What types of specialized cells have tiny hairs to move mucus?

Answer 27

Ciliated cells.

Question 28

What type of specialized cell is a dead cell?

Answer 28

Xylem cells.

Question 29

How is genetic material stored in prokaryotes?

Answer 29

Genetic material is stored as a nucleoid and plasmids.

Question 30

What is respiration?

Answer 30

Respiration is the release of energy from fuel.

Question 31

What is the process that allows an organism to change position or place?

Answer 31

Movement.

Question 32

What type of specialized cells have no nucleus?

Answer 32

Red blood cells and xylem cells.

Question 33

What is the function of a RBC?

Answer 33

RBCs are a part of the circulatory system and deliver oxygen throughout the body.

Question 34

In which cell is haemoglobin found, What does it do?

Answer 34

Haemoglobin in found in red blood cells and are a protein that bind to the oxygen.

Question 35

What is stored in vacuoles?

Answer 35

Vacuoles store cell sap, which is made up of protein and sugar.

Question 36

What are the adaptations of palisade mesophyll cells?

Answer 36

Palisade mesophyll cells have a large vacuole that stores cell sap and push chloroplasts to the edge, a lot of chloroplasts to trap light energy and convert it into chemical energy, and a cylindrical shape to maximize shape.

Question 37

What are three specialized animal cells?

Answer 37

Red blood cells, ciliated cells and sperm cells.

Question 38

How many chromosomes does a sperm cell have?

Answer 38

23 chromosomes.

Question 39

What is the function of ciliated cells?

Answer 39

Ciliated cells work in the respiratory system and work with guard cells. Guard cells produce mucus and ciliated cells sweep the mucus up to the throat with the use of cilia.

Question 40

Explain how a RBC is adapted to it's function. (4 marks)

Answer 40

Deliver oxygen, no nucleus to make space for haemoglobin and increase absorption area for oxygen, biconcave shape to increase surface area for absorbing oxygen, cytoplasm with haemoglobin to bind to oxygen

Question 41

How do stem cells reproduce?

Answer 41

Asexual reproduction

Question 42

What is differentiation?

Answer 42

The process through which a stem cells becomes a specialised cell.

Question 43

What are three different types of stem cells?

Answer 43

Embryo, umbilical, adult

Question 44

How are stem cells used to treat leukaemia?

Answer 44

Healthy stem cells are taken from the blood/bone marrow of a healthy person who is genetically similar to the patient.The stem cells are inserted directly into your veins. These enable the body to replace and make new blood cells.

Question 45

What is a pathogen?

Answer 45

A disease-causing microorganism.

Question 46

What different types of kingdoms can be pathogenic? (4 marks)

Answer 46

Bacteria, protoctists, fungi, viruses.

Question 47

What is a disease caused by a pathogenic bacteria? What does it affect?

Answer 47

Cholera, affects the intestine and caused nausea and diarrhoea.

Question 48

What is a disease caused by a pathogenic virus? What does it affect?

Answer 48

Dengue fever. Affects the blood and causes fever, headaches and fatigue.

Question 49

What is a disease caused by a pathogenic fungi? What does it affect?

Answer 49

Athlete's foot. Affects feet and causes rashes.

Question 50

What is a disease caused by a pathogenic protoctist? What does it affect?

Answer 50

Malaria. Affects the liver and causes fever with chills.

Question 51

What are the only types of pathogenic diseases that can be treated with antibiotics?

Answer 51

Pathogenic bacteria.

Question 52

What happens when an adult stem cell grows older?

Answer 52

The cell loses some of its potential as it grows older.

Question 53

What is the structure of a virus?

Answer 53

Protein shell, protein spikes on the outside, single strand of dna or rna.

Question 54

What is the largest organelle in a cell?

Answer 54

Nucleus.

Question 55

Explain how enzymes work.

Answer 55

The substrate of the molecule attaches to the active site of the enzyme and then a reaction takes place in which products are formed. The substrate fits onto the active site using a lock and key system.

Question 56

What is an enzyme?

Answer 56

A biological catalyst.

Question 57

What is respiration?

Answer 57

Respiration is the process of releasing energy. Glucose contains chemical energy that can be turned into other forms of energy for the cell using ATP.

Question 58

What is the equation of aerobic respiration?

Answer 58

glucose + oxygen --> carbon dioxide + water + ATP

Question 59

What is the process of non aerobic respiration?

Answer 59

glucose --> ethanol + carbon dioxide + ATP

Question 60

What is active transport?

Answer 60

The movement of substances against a concentration gradient with the use of ATP.

Question 61

What is the difference between active and passive transport?

Answer 61

Active transport requires energy while passive does not.

Question 62

What is osmosis?

Answer 62

The movement of water from a higher concentration to lower concentration through a semi-permeable membrane.

Question 63

What is mitosis?

Answer 63

The process of a cell dividing into two identical daughter cells. It has 4 main processes, prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase. The nucleus is copied and the split into two.

Question 64

What are the seven main systems of the human body?

Answer 64

Circulatory system, digestive system, respiratory system, excretory system, nervous system, endocrine system, reproductive system.