Cells Mediating Immune Response

Question 1

Leukocytes

Answer 1

Neutrophils
basophils
eosinophils
monocytes
lymphocytes
B cells
cytotoxic T cells (CD8+)
helper T cells (CD4+)
NK cells

Question 2

Neutrophils

Answer 2

Produced: in bone marrow
Functions: phagocytosis, release chemicals involved in inflammation (e.g. vasodilators, chemotaxins)

Question 3

Basophils

Answer 3

Produced: in bone marrow
Functions: have granules containing enzymes like histamine that aid in an allergic reaction

Question 4

Eosinophils

Answer 4

Produced: in bone marrow
Functions: destroy multicellular parasites, participate in immediate hypersensitivity reactions

Question 5

Monocytes

Answer 5

Produced: in bone marrow
Functions: enter tissue and differentiate into macrophages

Question 6

Lymphocytes

Answer 6

Mature: in Bone Marrow (B and NK cells), in thymus (T cells)
Activated in peripheral lymphoid organs
Functions: recognition in specific immune responses and all other aspects of the response

Question 7

B cells

Answer 7

Initiate antibody-mediated immune responses by binding specific antigens to the B cell’s plasma membrane receptors, which are immunoglobulins
Upon activation, are transformed into plasma cells, which secrete antibodies
Present antigen to helper T cells

Question 8

Cytotoxic T cells (CD8+)

Answer 8

Bind to antigens on plasma membrane of target cells (virus-infected cells, cancer cells, etc.) and directly destroy the cell

Question 9

Helper T cells (CD4+)

Answer 9

Secrete cytokines that help activate B cells, cytotoxic T cells, NK cells, and macrophages

Question 10

NK cells

Answer 10

Bind directly and nonspecifically to virus-infected cells and cancer cells and kill them

Question 11

Plasma Cells

Answer 11

Produced: peripheral lymphoid organs (differentiate from B cells during immune responses)
Functions: secrete antibodies

Question 12

Macrophages

Answer 12

Produced: bone marrow (reside in almost all tissues and organs, differentiate from monocytes)
Functions: phagocytosis, extracellular killing using secretion of toxic chemicals, process and present antigens to helper T cells, secrete cytokines involved in inflammation, activation and differentiation of helper T cells, and systemic responses to inflammation or injury

Question 13

Dendritic cells

Answer 13

Produced: in almost all tissues and organs (microglia in the central nervous system)
Function: phagocytosis, antigen presentation — professional antigen-presenting cells

Question 14

Mast cells

Answer 14

Produced: bone marrow (reside in almost all tissues and organs, differentiate from bone marrow cells)
Functions: release histamine and other chemicals involved in inflammation