Cells + Microscopy

Question 1

B-lymphocyte

Answer 1

Specialised white blood cells produced and matured in bone marrow. Forms plasma cells that produce antibodies.

Question 2

Cell surface membrane

Answer 2

phospholipid bilayer that forms membrane surrounding outside of a cell- sometimes known as plasma membrane.

Question 3

Cellulose

Answer 3

Polysaccharide from condensation of B-glucose molecules to form fibrils. Used to form plant cell walls.

Question 4

Cell wall

Answer 4

Freely permeable structure lying outside the cell surface membrane of plant, fungal and bacterial cells.

Question 5

Centrioles

Answer 5

2 cylinders composed of microtubule’s which are involved in the process of mitosis and cell division (in eukaryotic cells).

Question 6

Cytoskeleton

Answer 6

Network of microtubule’s and microfilaments that give cells shape and maintains structure. They attach to organelles and move them within the cytosol.

Question 7

Differential staining

Answer 7

Staining process using 1+ chemical stans to distinguish between different cellular components.

Question 8

Electron microscope

Answer 8

Microscope using a beam of electrons to view magnified images of objects giving greater resolution than light microscopes. (2 types- scanning + transmission.)

Question 9

Endoplasmic reticulum

Answer 9

Series of membranes forming system of tubes within cytoplasm, joining nuclear envelope and may have ribosomes attached (rough ER) or not (smooth ER).

Question 10

Erythrocyte

Answer 10

Red blood cell.

Question 11

Eukaryotic cells

Answer 11

Cells with nucleus in nuclear envelope also contains membrane bound organelles.

Question 12

Endocytosis

Answer 12

Inward transport of large quantities of molecules through cell surface membrane, including phagocytosis and pinocytosis. Requires energy input in form of ATP.

Question 13

Exocytosis

Answer 13

Outward transport of large quantities of molecules through cell surface membrane. Requires energy in form of ATP.

Question 14

Eyepiece graticule

Answer 14

Scale in the field of view- inserted into eyepiece.

Question 15

Field of view [FOV]

Answer 15

Circular area visible down a light microscope.

Question 16

Flagella

Answer 16

Whip-like structures, feature in the movement of eukaryotic+ prokaryotic cells, but structure of flagella differs in each type.

Question 17

Golgi apparatus

Answer 17

Organelles used in modification of proteins and production of vesicles for storage of enzymes in cells (lysosomes) or exporting molecules from cells (exocytosis).

Question 18

Leucocyte

Answer 18

White blood cell: lymphocyte, monocyte, etc.

Question 19

Lysosome

Answer 19

Membrane-bound vesicles made by pinching off from golgi apparatus. Contains digestive enzymes.

Question 20

Magnification

Answer 20

No. of times larger image appears compared to actual size.

Question 21

Mesosome

Answer 21

Infolding of cell surface membrane of prokaryotic cells.

Question 22

Microtubule

Answer 22

Protein polymers that form mitotic spindle and are components of cytoskeleton.

Question 23

Monocyte

Answer 23

Large phagocytic white blood cell that destroys bacteria + other foreign material in bacterial cells.

Question 24

Neutrophil

Answer 24

Type of granulated phagocytic white blood cell.

Question 25

Objective lens

Answer 25

Lens on light microscope, closest to specimen.

Question 26

Organelle

Answer 26

Structurally distinct part of cell, specialised for a function.

Question 27

Phagocyte

Answer 27

Specialised white blood cell that destroys bacteria and other foreign material by phagocytosis- e.g. neutrophil/ macrophage.

Question 28

Pili

Answer 28

Hair-like structure on prokaryotic cells, used in exchange of genetic material in bacteria cells.

Question 29

Plasmid

Answer 29

Small circular piece of DNA in prokaryotic cells.

Question 30

Plasmodesmata

Answer 30

Microscopic channels that transverse the cell wall of plant cells, enables transport and communication between them.

Question 31

Prokaryotic

Answer 31

Cell without true nucleus or membrane bound organelles.

Question 32

Resolution

Answer 32

Ability to distinguish 2 distinct points in detail.

Question 33

Ribosomes

Answer 33

Structures composed of RNA and proteins, free in cytoplasm or membrane bound. Site of protein synthesis.

Question 34

Stage micrometer

Answer 34

Microscope slide with finely divided scale on it.

Question 35

T lymphocyte

Answer 35

Specialised white blood cell produced in bone marrow and matures in thymus gland. Coordinates immune response and destroys infected cells.

Question 36

Thrombocyte

Answer 36

(Platelets) cell fragments for blood clotting.

Question 37

Vacuole

Answer 37

Fluid filled space in cytoplasm, surrounded by membrane (tonoplast).

Question 38

Vesicle

Answer 38

Membrane bound organelle compartment used to move substances around the cell.