cells n tissues

Question 1

what is the fundamental unit of life

Answer 1

cell

Question 2

what are the major components of a cell?

Answer 2

plasma membrane
nucleus
cytoplasm

Question 3

what is the structure of a plasma membrane?

Answer 3

phospholipid bilayer

Question 4

what are the main functions of a cell?

Answer 4

maintain internal environment
convert food to energy
grow
develop
reproduce
adapt
respond to stimuli (heat / drug / electricity)

Question 5

what is the structure of the plasma membrane?

Answer 5

phospholipid bilayer

Question 6

what does selective permeability in plasma membrane mean?

Answer 6

it allows certain substances to pass while blocking others

Question 7

what is the role of atp in cellular transport?

Answer 7

provides energy for active transport

Question 8

what are the two types of transport across the plasma membrane?

Answer 8

active transport
passive transport

Question 9

what is the function of pores in the plasma membrane?

Answer 9

they allow specific molecules to enter or exit the cell

Question 10

what is the largest organelle in a cell?

Answer 10

nucleus

Question 11

what is the function fo the nucleus?

Answer 11

it serves the control center and contains hereditary information

Question 12

what is the hereditary material found in the nucleus?

Answer 12

DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid)

Question 13

what is the role of the nucleolus?

Answer 13

it is involved in ribosome production

Question 14

what is cytoplasm composed of?

Answer 14

cytosol
proteins
electrolytes
cytoskeleton

Question 15

what is the function of a mitochondria?

Answer 15

they produce atp through cellular respiration

Question 16

how does the number of mitochondria relate to cellular activity?

Answer 16

increased activity leads to an increase in mitochondria

Question 17

what is the function of ribosomes?

Answer 17

protein assembly

Question 18

what are the functions of the endoplasmic reticulum?

Answer 18

smooth er: synthesis and storage of lipids and steroids
rough er: initial protein modification

Question 19

what is the role of the golgi apparatus?

Answer 19

it modifies proteins for secretion or use within the cell

Question 20

what are lysosomes known for?

Answer 20

digestive enzymes

Question 21

what is the function of proteasomes?

Answer 21

they break down individual proteins

Question 22

what is the role of peroxisomes?

Answer 22

detoxification and metabolic reactions

Question 23

what are the vaults in cellular anatomy?

Answer 23

they are involved in molecular transport

Question 24

what are the phases of the cellular life cycle？

Answer 24

1. interphase (G1 , S , G2)
2. mitosis
3. meiosis

Question 25

what occurs during the G1 phase of interphase?1

Answer 25

intense growth and metabolism

Question 26

what happens during the S phase of interphase?

Answer 26

DNA replication

Question 27

what happens during the G2 phase of interphase?

Answer 27

preparation of enzymes and proteins for cell division

Question 28

what type of cells undergo mitosis?

Answer 28

somatic cells

Question 29

what is the difference between diploid and haploid cells?

Answer 29

diploid cells have TWO sets of chromosomes haploid cells have ONE set of chromosomes

Question 30

what are the phases of mitosis?

Answer 30

1. prophase 2. metaphase 3. anaphase 4. telophase