Cells of the immune system

Question 1

cells begin with

Answer 1

pluripotent haematopoietic stem cell

Question 2

how are pluripotent haematopoietic stem cell are stimulated by?

Answer 2

differentiation inducers

Question 3

what can pluripotent haematopoietic SC become?

Answer 3

myeloid stel cell

lymphoid stem cell

Question 4

myeloid stem cells are responsible for producing?

Answer 4

platelets and RBC

Question 5

what can myeloid cells either differentiate into? (3)

Answer 5

megakaryocyte
reticulocyte
myeloblast

Question 6

megakaryocytes produce?

Answer 6

platelets

- they have a large lobulated nucleus

Question 7

what are reticulocytes?

Answer 7

immature RBC

- contain reticulum - net like

Question 8

reticulocytes develop into

Answer 8

RBC

Question 9

what is shown if there is greater number of reticulocytes?

- when would this be shown (2)

Answer 9

there is a rapid turn over of RBC in bone marrow

• acute blood loss
• haemolysis

Question 10

myeloblasts develop into… part 1 ?

Answer 10

monocyte - macrophage

Question 11

what do monocytes do?

Answer 11

circulate in blood stream , hen they enter tissues they differentiate into macrophages

Question 12

what do macrophages do

- what do their receptors do?

Answer 12

first line of defence for pathogens

• toll like receptors - pathogen associated molecular patterns

Question 13

destroying process?

Answer 13

phagocytosis

Question 14

what do macrophages secrete?

Answer 14

cytokines - inflammation response

Question 15

myeloblasts can also become.. part 2 ?

Answer 15

neutrophils

Question 16

neutrophils ..

Answer 16

circulate blood stream
migrate to inflammation
phagocytosis

Question 17

myeloblasts can also become.. part 3

Answer 17

eosinophils

Question 18

eosinophils have granules that?

Answer 18

pro inflammatory cytokines

• toxic chemicals (eg major basic protein)
• degranulation

Question 19

myeloblasts can also become.. part 4

Answer 19

mast cell and basophils

Question 20

what do mast cells and basophils have?

Answer 20

cytoplasmic granules

- contain cytokines

Question 21

difference in mast and basophil cells?

Answer 21

mast = fixed in tissues
basophil = circulate blood

Question 22

lymphoid stem cells - what do B lymphocyte have?

Answer 22

antibodies lining cell surface

- specific to single antigen

Question 23

when a B lymphocyte is activated, what does it become?

Answer 23

plasma cell, memory B cells

Question 24

what do plasma cells produce?

Answer 24

antibodies against pathogens

Question 25

what do memory B cells do?

Answer 25

respond quicker when they encounter pathogen

Question 26

T lymphocyte leave the bone marrow as?

Answer 26

pro-thymocytes

Question 27

Where do T lymphocytes mature?

Answer 27

Thymus gland

Question 28

T cells can differentiate into?

Answer 28

``` CD4 cells (T helper) CD8 cells (cytotoxic) ```

Question 29

what do CD4/T helper cells respond to?

Answer 29

MHC class II receptors

Question 30

CD8 cells/Cytotoxic cells respond to?

Answer 30

MHC class I receptors

Question 31

cytotoxic T cells can

Answer 31

kill infected cells - attach to cell and spray destructive proteins - LYSIS - activate FAS pathway - apoptosis

Question 32

natural killer cells are activated by | - they are

Answer 32

- cytokines from macrophages - interferons - non- specific

Question 33

what can natural killer cells secrete?

Answer 33

interferon- gamma

Question 34

dendritic cells in skin are

Answer 34

langerhans cells

Question 35

dendritic cells have what on their cell membranes?

Answer 35

MHC class I AND II molecules