Cells (organelles) pt. 2

Question 1

what organelle is known as the “power plant” of the cells? and is enclosed by double membranes

Answer 1

Mitochondria

Question 2

when it comes to enclosed membranes what does it look like

Answer 2

cristae are embedded with membrane proteins that play a role in cellular respiration

Question 3

What organelle is made up of protein and ribosomal RNA (rRNA)

Answer 3

Ribosomes

Question 4

what two switchable forms are found in ribosomal cells

Answer 4

free ribosomes and membrane bound ribosomes.

Question 5

define free ribosomes

Answer 5

synthesize soluble proteins

Question 6

define membrane bound ribosomes.

Answer 6

attach to endo-reticulum
-synthesizes proteins for lysosomes

Question 7

What organelle consists of a series of parallel interconnected cisterns (flattened membranous tubes that enclose fluid-filled interiors)

Answer 7

Endoplasmic reticulum

Question 8

what are the 2 varieties of the endoplasmic reticulum?

Answer 8

Rough and Smooth ER

Question 9

Rough ER

Answer 9

• have ribosomes attached and appears like a rough surface
• protein enters cistern as they syntehsize and wind through fluid filled tubes
  -final protein is enclosed in vesicle and sent to golgi apparatus for processing

Question 10

Smooth ER functions

Answer 10

1.contains enzymes that catalyze reactions.
2. make sex hormones,
3. detoxify drugs/cancer causing agents,
4. break down glycogen to free form glucose (liver)

Question 11

what organelle is stacked and has flattened membranous cistern sacs

Answer 11

Golgi Apparatus

Question 12

The Golgi apparatus modifies, concentrates and packages proteins and lipid received from where?

Answer 12

The rough ER

Question 13

What three steps are involved in the Golgi apparatus

Answer 13

1. transport vesicles from ER with cis(inner) face of Golgi.
2. Proteins or lipids taken inside are further modified, tagged, sorted and packaged.
3. Golgi is the traffic director controlling which of 3 pathways the final product will take. trans (outer)

Question 14

The three ways for final transport

Answer 14

a. secretory vesicle vesicles containing proteins to be used outside of cell fuse with plasma membrane and exocytosis contents.

b. vesicles containing lipids or transmembrane proteins fuse with plasma or organelle membrane inserting contents directly into destination membrane.

c. Lysosomes containing digestive enzymes remain in cell, holding contents in vesicle until needed