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Biology > Cells, Organs & Populations > Flashcards

Cells, Organs & Populations Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

How do plants make proteins from glucose?

A

By combining it with nitrate ions.

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2
Q

Which of these might make the rate of diffusion increase?

A

A greater difference in concentration between the two areas.

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3
Q

True or false? “Quadrats can be used with transects.”

A

True.

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4
Q

The distribution of an organism is…

a) … What it eats.
b) … Where it’s found.
c) … How many individuals there are.

A

b) … Where it’s found.

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5
Q

Which of these cells is specialised for reproduction?

1) red blood cell.
2) guard cell.
3) egg cell.

A

3) egg cell.

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6
Q

True or false? “Increasing the temperature always causes the rate of photosynthesis to increase.”

A

False.

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7
Q

True or false? “The starch in plants that’s created from glucose is insoluble.”

A

True.

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8
Q

Give one difference between a bacterial cell and a yeast cell.

A

E.g. Bacterial cells don’t contain a nucleus, whereas yeast cells do.

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9
Q

Explain what is meant by the term “cell differentiation”.

A

Cell differentiation is the process by which cells become specialised for a particular function.

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10
Q

Name the supporting material that plants make using glucose. Which part of the cell is made using the material?

A

Cellulose. The cell wall.

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11
Q

Which of these things are NOT used by plants to make proteins?
A) glucose.
B) nitrate ions.
C) lipids.

A

C) lipids.

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12
Q

Palisade leaf cells are adapted for photosynthesis. Which of these characteristics would help them to carry out their specialised function?
A) having a thick cell wall.
B) containing lots of chloroplasts.
C) being situated at the bottom of a leaf.

A

B) containing lots of chloroplasts.

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13
Q

What is a tissue?

A

A collection of similar cells that work together.

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14
Q

True or false? “The amount of oxygen in the environment might affect where an organism lives.”

A

True.

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15
Q

What is the function of a red blood cell?

A

To carry oxygen to the organs.

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16
Q

Which of these parts are not found in a bacterial cell?
A) nucleus
B) cell membrane
C) cell wall

A

A) nucleus

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17
Q

Diffusion is where particles spread out from…
A) … An area of low concentration to an area of high concentration.
B) … An area of high concentration to an area of low concentration.

A

B) … An area of high concentration to an area of low concentration.

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18
Q

True or false? “Photosynthesis is slower at night.”

A

True.

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19
Q

What’s the function of mesophyll tissue?

A

It’s where photosynthesis happens.

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20
Q

Explain why some dissolved substances are unable to enter cells by diffusion.

A

Some dissolved substances are too large to fit through the cell membrane, so cannot enter cells by diffusion.

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21
Q

Suggest one way in which a sperm is adapted to carry out its specialised function.

A

E.g. It has a long tail / streamlined head to help it swim to an egg.

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22
Q

Complete the equation for photosynthesis.
…………….
………………… + water = ……………………. + oxygen

A

Sunlight

Carbon dioxide + water = glucose + oxygen

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23
Q

You’ve counted the number of daisies in 5 sample areas using a quadrat. Describe how you would work out:
The mean number if daisies in a quadrat.
The median number of daisies in a quadrat.

A

Mean - divide the total number of daisies counted by the number of samples/quadrats (5).
Median - list the number of daisies counted to each sample/quadrat in order of size. The median is the middle value.

24
Q

Which of these is it a limiting factor of photosynthesis?
A) light
B) temperature
C) oxygen

A

C) oxygen.

25
Q

Where do most of the chemical reactions in a cell take place?

A

Cytoplasm.

26
Q

True or false? “Cells can get the substances they need through diffusion.”

A

True.

27
Q

True or false? “As the level of carbon dioxide increases, the rate of photosynthesis will always increase.”

A

False.

28
Q

When all the variables are controlled and a large sa,old size is used, the data is likely to be…
A) … Reproducible and valid.
B) … Reproducible but not valid.
C) … Valid but not reproducible.

A

A) … Reproducible and valid.

29
Q

Chloroplasts…
A) … Strengthen a plant cell.
B) … Store genetic material of a cell.
C) … Absorb light energy to make glucose.

A

C) … Absorb light energy to make glucose.

30
Q

How are red blood cells adapted to carry out their function?

A

They have a concave shape.

31
Q

True or false? “Organisms live in different habitats because they’re better suited to certain environmental factors.”

A

True.

32
Q

What is the difference in the functions of the small and large intestine?

A

The small intestine absorbs soluble food molecules but the large intestine absorbs water from undigested food, leaving faeces.

33
Q

Describe what a quadrat is and suggest how one can be used.

A

A quadrat is a square frame enclosing a know area. E.g. The organisms within the frame can be counted and this number can be compared to data taken from quadrats in other places.

34
Q

Name three types of tissue found I the stomach, and state the function of each type.

A

E.g.

1) Muscular tissue, to churn the stomach contents.
2) Glandular tissue, to produce digestive juices.
3) Epithelial tissue, to cover the outside and inside of the stomach.

34
Q

What is the function of cellulose?

A

To strengthen the cell walls in plants.

35
Q

What is the name for the process where perfume particles spread out in the air?

A

Diffusion.

36
Q

True or false? “Specialised cells only exist in animals.”

A

False.

37
Q

What is a vacuole?

A

The space in a plant cell which is filled with cell sap.

38
Q

How can you make sure that data about the same distribution of organisms is valid?

A

Control all of the variables.

39
Q

Other than oxygen, what does photosynthesis produce?

A

Glucose.

40
Q

True or false? “A flower might be more common in the centre of a field than next to the hedges due to the amount of light.”

A

True.

41
Q

True or false? “Organ systems work together to form organs.”

A

False.

42
Q

Describe what happens to the rate of photosynthesis in a plant as the temperature increases.

A

As the temperature increases, photosynthesis increases initially. After a point, the enzymes needed for photosynthesis are damaged by the heat, so photosynthesis stops.

43
Q

Describe the roles of the following parts of a cell:
Mitochondria.
Ribosomes.

A

Mitochondria: where most of the reactions for respiration take place.
Ribosomes are where protein synthesis takes place.

44
Q

Name the process by which the oxygen needed for respiration passes through cell membranes.

A

It moves across the cell membrane by diffusion.

45
Q

Which of these is yeast an example of?
A) a bacterium.
B) a cell without a nucleus.
C) a single-celled organism.

A

C) a single-celled organism.

46
Q

What does glandular tissue do?

A

It makes and secretes chemicals.

47
Q

True or false? “Some particles can’t diffuse across a cell membrane.”

A

True.

48
Q

Some of the glucose from photosynthesis is used for…
A) … Transpiration.
B) … Respiration.

A

B) … Respiration.

49
Q

How can you study the distribution of organisms in a way that will give reproducible results?

A

Use a large sample size.

50
Q

What happens in the ribosomes in a cell?

A

Proteins are produced.

51
Q

What is chlorophyll used for in photosynthesis?

A

Absorbing light energy.

52
Q

True or false? “Stems, roots and leaves are all plant organs.”

A

True.

53
Q

Name two glands that are part of the digestive system.

A

The salivary glands and the pancreas.

54
Q

Explain what happens to the rate of photosynthesis if a plant is put into a dark place.

A

It will slow down because there will bells sunlight to provide light energy.

55
Q

How do plants make protein?

A

Glucose is combined with nitrate ions from the soil to make amino acids, which are made into proteins.

56
Q

Shaun wants to study the distribution of daffodils in a field. Suggest how he could do this.

A

E.g. He could use quadrats to compare the number of daffodils in areas of the field wit different conditions, e.g in a shaded area and a sunny area./He could use a transect to study how the number of daffodils varies across the field depending on the conditions, e.g from next to a hedge to the middle of a field.

Biology (4 decks)

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