cells overview Flashcards
(22 cards)
activation energy
minimum amount of energy required to trigger a chemical reaction
active site
the site on an enzyme that attaches to a substrate
active transport
movement of molecules through proteins channels in the membrane from low to high concentration requiring energy (ATP)
adenine
nitrogen base found in DNA and RNA; pairs with thymine in DNA and with uracil in RNA
aerobic
containing oxygen;referring to an organism, environment or cellular process that requires oxygen
anaerobic
respirating process that done not require oxygen
ATP
main energy source that cells use for most of their work
catalyst
a substance that initiates or accelerates a chemical reaction without itself being effected
cell membrane
thin, flexible barrier around a cell; regulates what enters and leaves the cell
cell wall
a rigid structure that surrounds the cell membrane and provides support for the cell
cellular respiration
process that releases energy by breaking down glucose and other food molecules in the presence of oxygen
cellulose
hard, non living material that makes up the cell wall of a plant
chloroplast
organelle found in cells of plants and some other organisms that capture the energy from sunlight and converts it into chemical energy
cristae
unfolding did the inner membrane of a mitochondrion that houses the electron transport chain and the enzyme catalysing the synthesis of ATP
cytoplasm
a jelly like fluid is new the cell in which organelles are suspended
enzyme
protons that acts as a biological catalyst
grana
a stack of thylakoids within a chloroplast
mitochondria
powerhouse of the cell, organelle that is the site of ATP production
osmosis
diffusion of molecules through a semipermeable membrane from a place of high concentration to a place of lower concentration the concentration on both sides is equal
passive transport
transport of a substance across a cell membrane by diffusion
stroma
the dense colourless framework of a chloroplast
substrate
the reactant of which and enzyme works
