Cells Part 2

Question 1

Allowing passage of certain, especially small, molecules or ions but acting as a barrier to others. Used of biological and synthetic membranes.

Answer 1

Semipermeable (Selectively Permeable)

Question 2

two layers of phospholipids arranged in such a way that their hydrophobic tails are projecting inwards while their polar head groups are projecting on the outside surfaces

Answer 2

Phospholipid Bilayer

Question 3

Having an affinity for water; readily absorbing or dissolving in water.

Answer 3

Hydrophilic

Question 4

The repelling of water; fear of water

Answer 4

Hydrophobic

Question 5

A

Answer 5

Fluid Mosaic Model

Question 6

When a cell does not have to use energy to transport.

Answer 6

Passive Transport

Question 7

When it requires energy to transport

Answer 7

Active Transport

Question 8

A

Answer 8

Simple Diffusion

Question 9

Diffusion of a solvent (usually water molecules) through a semipermeable membrane from an area of low solute concentration to an area of high solute concentration

Answer 9

Osmosis

Question 10

Meaning balanced, particles are evenly spread out

Answer 10

Equilibrium

Question 11

A

Answer 11

Concentration Gradient

Question 12

When there are more solutes inside the cell

Answer 12

Hypotonic Solution

Question 13

The same amount of solutes inside and outside the cell

Answer 13

Isotonic Solution

Question 14

When there are more solutes outside the cell

Answer 14

Hypertonic Solution

Question 15

A

Answer 15

Turgid

Question 16

A form of passive transport that uses transport proteins

Answer 16

Facilitated Diffusion

Question 17

Transport protein that provides an open passageway in the plasma though which particles can diffuse

Answer 17

Channel Protein (Ion Channel)

Question 18

The type o transport protein that changes shape when a particle binds with it.

Answer 18

Carrier Protein

Question 19

A

Answer 19

Aquaporin

Question 20

Used in Active transport, but not pensive transport

Answer 20

ATP

Question 21

A

Answer 21

ADP

Question 22

A type of active transport that keeps certain ions at higher concentrations inside or outside the cell.

Answer 22

Protein Pump (Sodium Potassium Pump)

Question 23

General process that a cell takes in material.

Answer 23

Endocytosis

Question 24

The process in which a cell takes in fluids

Answer 24

Pinocytosis

Question 25

The process in which cells take in solids.

Answer 25

Phagocytosis

Question 26

small bubble within a cell, and are thus a type of organelle. Enclosed by lipid bilayer, vesicles can form naturally, for example, during endocytosis

Answer 26

Vesicle

Question 27

A process in which a cell expels waste

Answer 27

Exocytosis

Question 28

phase of the cell cycle in which the cell spends the majority of its time and performs the majority of its purposes including preparation for cell division

Answer 28

Interphase

Question 29

process by which a eukaryotic cell separates the chromosomes in its cell nucleus into two identical sets, in two separate nuclei.

Answer 29

Mitosis

Question 30

the process in which the cytoplasm of a single eukaryotic cell is divided to form two daughter cells

Answer 30

Cytokinesis

Question 31

the series of events that take place in a cell wall leading to its division and duplication

Answer 31

Cell Cycle

Question 32

A

Answer 32

G1 (Gap 1) Phase

Question 33

A

Answer 33

S (Synthesis) Phase

Question 34

A

Answer 34

G2 (Gap 2) Phase

Question 35

Genetic Material in the nucleus

Answer 35

Chromatin

Question 35

2 Chromosomes on same ends.

Answer 35

Sister Chromatids

Question 36

organized structure of DNA and protein found in cells. It is a single piece of coiled DNA containing many genes, regulatory elements and other nucleotide sequences. Chromosomes also contain DNA-bound proteins, which serve to package the DNA and control its functions

Answer 36

Chromosome

Question 37

Holds or binds chromosomes together

Answer 37

Centromere

Question 38

cylindrically-shaped cell structure[1] found in most eukaryotic cells, though it is absent in higher plants and most fungi

Answer 38

Centriole

Question 39

are aggregates of microtubules that move chromosomes during cell division.

Answer 39

Spindle Fibers

Question 40

two cells formed when a cell undergoes cell division by mitosis. Daughter cells are genetically identical to the parent cell because they contain the same number and type of chromosomes.

Answer 40

Daughter Cells

Question 41

stage of mitosis in which the chromatin condenses into double rod-shaped structures called chromosomes in which the chromatin becomes visible

Answer 41

Prophase

Question 42

stage of mitosis in the eukaryotic cell cycle in which condensed & highly coiled chromosomes, carrying genetic information, align in the middle of the cell

Answer 42

Metaphase

Question 43

the stage of mitosis or meiosis when chromosomes move to opposite poles of the cell

Answer 43

Anaphase

Question 44

the effects of prophase and prometaphase (the nuclear membrane and nucleolus disintegrating) are reversed. Two daughter nuclei form in the cell.

Answer 44

Telophase

Question 45

In cytokinesis the valley before the 2 daughter cells break.

Answer 45

Cleavage Furrow

Question 46

A disc like structure in the plane of the equator of the spindle that separates the two sets of chromosomes during cytokinesis; also involved in the formation of cell wall between the two daughter cells following cell division.

Answer 46

Cell Plate