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Cells Parts & Structure Flashcards

1
Q

TYPES OF CELLS

A
  • prokaryotic cells
  • eukaryotic cells
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2
Q

simple, single-celled (unicellular)
organism that lacks an organized nucleus or any
other membrane-bound organelle.

A

Prokaryotic cell

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3
Q

The world’s largest
bacterium has been
discovered

A

amongst the
mangroves of the
Caribbean island of
Guadeloupe.

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4
Q

5000 times bigger
than the average
microbe.

A

Thiomargarita magnifica

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5
Q

blue-
green algae, are a
group of
photosynthetic
bacteria that play a
crucial role in the
Earth’s
ecosystems.

A

Cyanobacteria

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6
Q

PARTS OF PROKARYOTIC CELL

A
  • CELL WALL
  • PLASMA MEMBRANE
  • CAPSULE
  • CYTOPLASM
  • PLASMID
  • NUCLEOID
  • RIBOSOME
  • FLAGELLUM
  • FIMBRIAE
  • PILI
  • INCLUSION
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7
Q

protective
layer that surrounds some
cells and gives them shape
and rigidity.

A

CELL WALL

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8
Q

The major
component of bacterial cell
walls

A

peptidoglycan

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9
Q

thin lipid bilayer that
completely surrounds the cell
and separates the inside from
the outside.

A

PLASMA MEMBRANE

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10
Q

Some prokaryotic cells
have a protective outer
layer. Slimy, gel-like
coating.

A

capsule

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11
Q

can
help protect the cell from
the host’s immune system.

A

CAPSULE

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12
Q

gel-like substance that
fills the cell and contains
various cellular structures

A

CYTOPLASM

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13
Q

small,
circular, double stranded DNA
molecule that exists
independently of the
chromosomal DNA in
the bacterial cell.

A

PLASMID

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14
Q

A region within the
cytoplasm where the
circular DNA molecule
is located.

A

NUCLEOID

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15
Q

Cellular structures
responsible for
protein synthesis.

A

RIBOSOME

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16
Q
  • Whip-like
    appendages that
    extend from the cell
    surface, enabling the
    cell to move.
  • Not all
    prokaryotic cells have
    flagella.
A

FLAGELLUM

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17
Q
  • Bristle-like-fibers that are
    shorter than pili.
  • It is
    primarily used for bacterial
    attachment.
A

FIMBRIAE

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18
Q

Short, hair-like structures
on the cell surface that aid
in adherence to surfaces or
other cells

A

PILI

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19
Q

transfer of
genetic material during a
process called CONJUGATION

A

PILI

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20
Q

type of cell
that possesses a
true nucleus and
membrane-bound
organelles

A

eukaryotic cell

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21
Q

PARTS OF EUKARYOTIC CELL

A
  • PLASMA MEMBRANE
  • CYTOPLASM
  • NUCLEUS
  • ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM (SMOOTH & ROUGH)
  • GOLGI APPARATUS
  • VESICLES
  • LYSOSOMES
  • PEROXISOMES
  • MITOCHONDRIA
  • VACUOLE
  • CHLOROPLAST
  • RIBOSOMES
  • CENTROSOME
  • NUCLEOULUS
  • NUCLEAR MEMBRANE
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22
Q
  • cell membrane
  • is the membrane found in all cells that separates the interior of the cell from the outside environment.
A

PLASMA MEMBRANE (Gatekeeper of the Cell)

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23
Q

In bacterial and plant cells, a cell wall is attached to on its outside surface.

A

PLASMA MEMBRANE (Gatekeeper of the Cell)

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24
Q
  • regulates the transport of materials entering and exiting the cell.
A

PLASMA MEMBRANE (Gatekeeper of the Cell)

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25
- interior of the cell that surrounds the nucleus - includes the organelles and a jelly-like fluid called the **cytosol.**
CYTOPLASM
26
- Cellular processes, such as metabolism and protein synthesis, occur
CYTOPLASM
27
- control center of the cell. - It is the largest organelle in the cell and it contains the DNA of the cell
NUCLEUS (control center)
28
a network of membranes involved in the synthesis of lipids and proteins
ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM (Highway of the Cell)
29
TYPES OF ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM (Highway of the Cell)
- rough (RER) - smooth (SER),
30
most protein synthesis occurs in the cell
rough endoplasmic reticulum
31
- synthesize lipids in the cell. - helps in the detoxification of harmful substances in the cell.
smooth endoplasmic reticulum
32
- **called Golgi complex.** - responsible for transporting, modifying, and packaging proteins and lipids to target destinations
GOLGI APPARATUS (Packaging center of the cell)
33
first person to describe this organelle GOLGI APPARATUS (Packaging center of the cell)
Camillo Golgi.
34
- small, membrane-bound sac that can transport and store substances within a cell. - involved in various cellular processes, including intracellular transport, secretion, and storage of cellular materials
VESICLES
35
membrane-bound vesicles containing enzymes that break down and digest cellular waste materials, old organelles, and foreign substances.
LYSOSOMES (Suicide bags of the cell)
36
involved in various metabolic processes, particularly those related to lipid metabolism and detoxification
PEROXISOMES
37
- play a crucial role in cellular respiration, producing energy (in the form of ATP) for the cell. - They have their own circular DNA and replicate independently of the cell
MITOCHONDRIA (Powerhouse of the Cell)
38
- found in the cells of plants, animals fungi, and some protists. - maintaining cell turgor pressure, storing nutrients and waste products, and participating in various cellular processes.
VACUOLE
39
- membrane-bound organelle found in the cells of plants, algae, and some protists. - sites of photosynthesis, a process that converts light energy into chemical energy in the form of glucose, ultimately providing energy for the organism.
CHLOROPLAST
40
These organelles contain pigments, including chlorophyll, which give them a green color
CHLOROPLAST
41
involved in protein synthesis, translating genetic information from mRNA (messenger RNA) into functional proteins
RIBOSOMES (Protein factories
42
- plays a crucial role in organizing microtubules during cell division. - It is primarily found in animal cells and some lower plant cells. - involved in the formation of the mitotic spindle, a structure essential for the proper segregation of chromosomes during cell division.
CENTROSOME
43
distinctive feature of plant cells, providing structural support, protection, and rigidity to plant tissues
CELL WALL
44
primary component of the plant cell wall and provides strength and rigidity to the structure
Cellulose
45
network of protein filaments (such as microtubules, microfilaments, and intermediate filaments) that provides structural support, and shape, and facilitates cellular movement.
CYTOSKELETON (cellular skeleton)
46
COMPARISON OF STRUCTURES BETWEEN PLANT CELL AND ANIMAL CELL (PLANT CELL)
- Cell wall (rigid shape) - Large central vacuole - Chloroplasts (autotroph) - Lack centrosomes - Lack lysosomes
47
COMPARISON OF STRUCTURES BETWEEN PLANT CELL AND ANIMAL CELL (ANIMAL CELL)
- No cell wall (irregular shape) - Numerous small vacuoles - No chloroplasts (heterotroph) - Centrioles/centrosomes - Lysosomes
48
SIZE PLANT CELL
Plant cells range from 10 and 100 micrometers in length.
49
SIZE ANIMAL CELL
range from 10 to 30 micrometers in length.
50
SHAPE PLANT CELL
more similar in size and are typically rectangular or cube-shaped.
51
SHAPE ANIMAL CELL
come in various sizes and tend to have round or irregular shapes
52
CELL WALL PLANT CELL
surrounded by a rigid cell wall.
53
CELL WALL ANIMAL CELL
does not have a cell wall.
54
VACUOLE PLANT CELL
a large central vacuole that can occupy up to 90% of the cell's volume.
55
LYSOSOMES PLANT CELL
do not contain lysosomes as the plant vacuole handles molecule degradation
56
CENTROSOMES PLANT CELL
absent in plant cells
57
REPRODUCTION PLANT CELL
reproduce through mitosis and also have unique reproductive structures like pollen and ovules for sexual reproduction
58
ENERGY STORAGE PLANT CELL
Stores energy as starch.
59
VACUOLE ANIMAL CELL
Animal cells may have many small vacuoles
60
LYSOSOMES ANIMAL CELL
possess lysosomes which contain enzymes that digest cellular macromolecules
61
CENTROSOMES ANIMAL CELL
have centrosomes.
62
REPRODUCTION ANIMAL CELL
Animal cells reproduce through mitosis for growth and repair. Sexual reproduction occurs through specialized reproductive cells (sperm and egg cells).
63
ENERGY STORAGE ANIMAL CELL
Stores energy in the form of the complex carbohydrate glycogen.

BIO (1 decks)

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