Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Biology Freshman Year > Cells, Plasma Membrane, and Mitosis Exam > Flashcards

Cells, Plasma Membrane, and Mitosis Exam Flashcards

(55 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

Exocytosis

A
  • Active Transport

* Materials are expelled or secreted by the cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Endocytosis

A
  • Active Transport

* Large particulates enter the cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Hypertonic Solution

A
  • Releases water

* Cell shrinkage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Isotonic Solution

A

*Water flowing in and out

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Hypotonic Solution

A
  • Water diffusing in

* Cell becoming “hippo”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Cancer

A

Uncontrolled cell division and death caused by the interaction between environmental factors and changes in the production of enzymes involved in the cell cycle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Tumor

A

A mass that forms within otherwise normal tissue, caused by the controlled growth of a transformed cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Angiogenesis

A

Formation of blood vessels which grow toward a tumor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Metastases

A

The spread of cancer beyond its original site

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Benign

A

A tumor that is not able to spread

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Malignant

A

A tumor with the ability to spread

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Glycerol Base

A

The backbone of a phospholipid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Polar Head

A

attracted to water

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Unsaturated vs. saturated fatty acids

A

Saturated-straight

Unsaturated-bent, double bond, more fluid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Phospholipids

A

*Glycerol, 2 fatty acids, phosphate group

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Osmosis

A

The diffusion of water

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Dynamic Equilibrium

A
  • Continuous movement, no overall change in concentration

* Required to maintain homeostasis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Turgor Pressure

A
  • Internal cell pressure
  • Gives shape and support to plants
  • Plant will wilt when it loses turgor pressure
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Plasmolysis

A
  • Causes plant to wilt

* Plasma membrane shrinks away from cell wall

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Selective permeability

A
  • Only certain substances can pass through the plasma membrane
  • Required to maintain homeostasis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Concentration Gradient

A

Difference in concentration of a substance across space

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

3 Microscopes

A

SEM and TEM Microscopes are electron microscopes
SEM
3D, up to 60000x zoom, pass over the surface
TEM
2D, hundreds of thousands of times zoom, pass through an object
Compound-Light
Can be used on living organisms, series of lenses, light passed through object through lenses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Active and Passive Transport

Study These Flashcards
A

Active-Requires energy, goes agains concentration gradient

Passive-no energy required

24
Q

Schleiden

Study These Flashcards
A

All organisms are composed of one or more cells. Plants-Schleiden down the hill

25
Schwann
The cell is the basic unit of organization of organisms. Schwann-swan <--animals
26
Hooke
Examined the cork. Compound-light microscope Named "cells"
27
Virchow
All cells come from pre-existing cells. Maggots in meat
28
Leeuwenhoek
Scraped teeth
29
The Cell Theory (Three Parts)
1) All organisms are composed of one or more cells. -Shleiden 2) The cell is the basic unit of organization of organisms. -Schwann 3) All cells come from pre-existing cells. -Virchow
30
Prokaryotic Cells
Cells that lack a nucleus or membrane-bound internal organelles
31
Eukaryotic Cells
1) Cells containing a nucleus & membrane bound internal organelles 2) Structure allows for cell specialization.
32
Interphase
* Cell growth period * Centrioles replicate * Chromosomes copies
33
Prophase
* Longest phase * Chromatin-->chromosomes * Chromosomes made of sister chromatids<--held together by a centromere * Nuclear fizzilage
34
Metaphase
Metaphase-middle | Chromosomes attach to spindle
35
Anaphase
Centromeres split Sister Chromatids split<---now individual chromosomes Anaphase-apart
36
Telophase
Final phase Two daughter cells formed Cleavage then new cells for animals Cell plate which divide for plants
37
The Fluid Mosaic Model
Made of phospholipids, which can move Bilayer is like a fluid Phosphate group is hydrophylic
38
Contractile Vacuoles
Collects excess sater then expels it through the plasma membrane prevents cells from bursting
39
Vacuoles
Sack of fluid surrounded by a membrane | TEMPORARILY stores food, enzymes, and wastes
40
Chloroplasts
Organelle that contains chlorophyll Found in plants Used for photosynthesis
41
Centrioles
Replicate in early interphase Small, dark cylindrical structures Made of microtubules, which help separate chromosomes during mitosis
42
Ribosomes
Found in pro- and eu- Not membrane-bound Involved in protein synthesis Enzymes are assembled at the ribosomes
43
Rough ER
Studded with ribosomes | Contains enzymes for lipid synthesis
44
Smooth ER
Have no ribosomes | Contain enzymes for lipid synthesis
45
Mitochondria
Food is broken down to release energy | Have cristae<--see flashcard
46
Cristae
In mitochondria Have large surface area Produce energy-storing molecules
47
Lysosomes
Membrane-bound Contain enzymes Enzymes digest food particulates, viruses, bacteria, worn out cell parts, and sometimes the cell itself AKA suicide sacs
48
Golgi Bodies
UPS of cell receive, modify, and repackage proteins into forms the cell can use, expel, or store Proteins are brought in and repackaged in new vesicles
49
Cytoplasm
Fluid, clear | Surrounding organelles and nucleus
50
Nucleus
control center of the cell Has a nuclear membrane Contains DNA<--guides all cell functions
51
Nucleolus
Produces ribosomes Inside nucleus RNA?
52
Cytoskeleton
Thin, fibrous elements Provide support for organelles Important for movement
53
Cell Wall
Plants only! Firm, but flexible Support + protection
54
Cilia
Short, numerous hair-like projections from the cell membrane | Movement
55
Flagella
``` Made of microtubules Long, threadlike Whip-like motion propels Only one or two Located on prokaryotes ```

Biology Freshman Year (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions