cells, specialised cells, microscope Flashcards
be able to remember all the notes (21 cards)
describe a unicellular and multicellular cell
unicellular carries out all life processes in 1 cell. Multicellular cells are many different functions forming a organ
why do cells need to be small in size?
Having small cells allow nutrients and waste to go in and out the cell faster as it has a large surface area to volume ratio. This increases transportation and absorption rate
nucleus structure and function
controls all activities occurring in the cell and contains genetic information
cell membrane structure and function, what’s it made of
controls movement of some but not all substances in and out of the cell. Made of fats and protein
cytoplasm structure and function
jelly-like substance, where most cellular processes are carried out
mitochondria structure and function
2 membranes. Provides energy to the cell
vacuole structure and function of animal
many small and temporary vacuoles. stores and transports substances
chloroplast structure and function
contains chlorophyll to trap light energy for photosynthesis
vacuole structure and function of plant
large and permanent. contains cell sap
cell wall and cell membrane difference
cell wall, made of cellulose. cell membrane, made of fat and protein.
cell wall only in plant cell. cell membrane found in all cells
cell wall provides structural support and gives the cell its shape. cell membrane controls some but not all substances entering and exiting the cell
ciliated cell location, function, adaptation
location: respiratory track
function: goblet cell produces mucus to trap dust and dirt, cilia sweeps out mucus
adaptation: cilia has hair-like extensions
root hair cell location, function, adaptation
location: root tip
function: absorbs water and mineral ions from soil
adaptation: 1 long thin projection, increasing surface area and has many mitochondria for energy, no chloroplast
smooth muscle cell location, function, adaptation
location: digestive track
function: contract and relax for and in movement
adaptation: merge from long fibres, many mitochondria to give energy for movement
red blood cell location, function, adaptation
location: blood vessels and capillaries
function: transport oxygen to the rest of the body
adaptation: no nucleus, to store more haemoglobin. biconcave disc shape, increase surface area to volume ratio for faster transportation on of oxygen. haemoglobin, to bind to oxygen for transportation. flexible, to squeeze through blood capillaries
egg cell location, function, adaptation
location: ovaries
function: carry mothers DNA
adaptation: contains yolk as food store for developing embryo
sperm cell location, function, adaptation
location: testis
function: to carry fathers DNA to egg
adaptation: long tail to swim to eggs head has enzymes to dissolve egg membrane
palisade cell location, function, adaptation
location: under upper epidermis
function: main site of photosynthesis
adaptation: tall, closely packed to capture much light energy, many chloroplast to absorb more sunlight
how does a cell become an organism?
cell to tissue to organ to system to organism
microscope formula
———— image size
magnification= —————-
actual size
1cm= ? mm
1cm= ? micrometers
1mm= ? micrometers
10mm
10 000 micrometers
1000 micrometers
objective lens=
4x: total magnification? distance per division?
10x: total magnification? distance per division?
40x: total magnification? distance per division?
40x. 25 micrometers
100x. 10 micrometers
400x. 2.5 micrometers
