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Science 8 > Cells & Systems > Flashcards

Cells & Systems Flashcards

(62 cards)

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1
Q

What is Cell theory (3 things)

A

The cell is the smallest unit of life
All living things are made of cells
Each new cell comes from an existing cell

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2
Q

What are the two cell types

A

Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes

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3
Q

What are Eukaryotes cells

A

have nucleus and membrane bound organelles.

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4
Q

What are Eukaryotic cells split into

A

Eukaryotic cells are split into Plant or Animal cells.

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5
Q

What are Prokaryotes cells

A

NO nucleus or membrane bound organelles *Eg. Bacteria

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6
Q

Both animal and plant cells have

A
  • cell membrane
  • cytoplasm
  • nucleus (DNA)
  • mitochondria
  • ribosomes
  • Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)
  • golgi apparatus
  • lysosomes
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7
Q

What do plant cells have that animal cells do not

A
  • cell wall
  • chloroplasts
  • central vacuole (tonoplast)
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8
Q

What is unicellular

A

Cells made up of one single cell (eg bacteria, protists, yeast)

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9
Q

What is multicellular

A

cells that specialize to carry out different functions

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10
Q

What advantages of Unicellular cells

A

Can reproduce very quickly

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11
Q

Disadvantages of Unicellular Cells

A
  • need to live in a food-rich environment (usually water)
  • only carry out limited functions
  • can not grow very large or live very long
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12
Q

Advantages of Multicellular

A
  • can live in a variety of environments
  • can carry out many different functions (specialization)
  • can grow much larger
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13
Q

Disadvantages of Multicellular

A
  • require more energy to function

- take much longer to mature and reproduce

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14
Q

What is Diffusion

A

Diffusion is the movement of particles in liquids and gases from areas of HIGH CONCENTRATION to areas of LOW
CONCENTRATION.

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15
Q

What is Osmosis

A

Osmosis is the diffusion of WATER and any materials DISSOLVED in it across cell membranes.

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16
Q

Describe Chloroplasts

A

Carries out photosynthesis in plant cells

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17
Q

What is a Cell Wall

A

Gives plant cells strength and support

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18
Q

What is Cytoplasm

A

A moving fluid that distributes materials

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19
Q

What does a nucleus do

A

Controls the cells actives ( the cells brain)

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20
Q

What is a cell membrane

A

A thin protective skin

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21
Q

What do Vacuoles do

A

Store extra materials that the cell cannot use at the moment

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22
Q

What is a cell

A

the smallest unit that can live on its own and that makes up all living organisms and the tissues of the body

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23
Q

Describe Magnify

A

make (something) appear larger than it is, especially with a lens or microscope.

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24
Q

Describe the term Microscope

A

an instrument that makes an enlarged image of a small object, thus revealing details too small to be seen by the unaided eye.

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25
Describe the term Wet mount
a glass slide holding a specimen suspended in a drop of liquid (as water) for microscopic examination
26
What are Organelles
specialized structures that perform various jobs inside cells
27
What is Cellulose
a molecule, consisting of hundreds – and sometimes even thousands – of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen atoms
28
What are the two most significant differences between a cell membrane and a cell wall?
A Cell wall only exists in plant cells, A cell membrane only exists in animal cells
29
List the three characteristics of living organisms
They need to breath oxygen They need food to live Is able to move
30
How were cells first discovered
The invention of the microscope led to the discovery of the cell by Robert Hooke, at the same time Anton van Leeuwenhoek was the first to discover single cell organism
31
What is the ocular lens (Microscope)
The eye piece that you look through (eyepiece)
32
What is the body tube (Microscope)
Holds the eyepiece and the objective lenses at the proper working distance from each other (Holds everything together)
33
What is the coarse adjustment knob (Microscope)
Moves the tube or stage up or down to bring the object into | focus. Use it only with the low-power objective lens.
34
What is the fine adjustment knob (Microscope)
Use with medium- and high-power magnification to bring the object into sharper focus.
35
What is the arm of a microscope
Connects the base and tube. Use this for carrying the microscope.
36
What is the Nose piece (Microscope)
Rotating disk holds two or more objective lenses. Turn it to change lenses. Each lens clicks into place.
37
What is the objective lens (Microscope)
Magnify the object. Each lens has a different power of magnification, such as 4×, 10×, and 40×, or 10×, 40×, and 100×. The magnifying power is engraved on the side of each objective lens. Be sure you can identify each lens. For example, the low-power objective lens is usually 10×.
38
What is the stage (Microscope)
Supports the microscope slide. Clips hold the slide in position. A hole in the center of the stage allows the light from the light source to pass through the slide.
39
What is the condenser lens (Microscope)
Directs light to the object being viewed.
40
What is the diaphragm (Microscope)
Use this to control the amount of light reaching the object being viewed.
41
What is the light source (Microscope)
Shining a light through the object being viewed makes it easier to see the details. (Your microscope might have a mirror instead of a light. If it does, you will adjust it to direct light through the lenses.)
42
What three organelles do you only find in plat cells
Cell Wall, Chloroplasts, & Ribosomes
43
What is the respiratory system
The system of the body that deals with breathing
44
What is the trachea
The wind pipe
45
What are capillaries
are small blood vessels with thin walls and are wrapped around these alveolies
46
What is osmosis?
osmosis, the spontaneous passage or diffusion of water through a semipermeable membrane (one that blocks the passage of dissolved substances—i.e., solutes).
47
What is selectively permeable membrane?
A membrane that only particles through
48
What is a permeable membrane
A membrane that allows all materials through
49
What is an impermeable membrane ?
A membrane that allows nothing through
50
What are vascular tissues in plants
tissues that connect the roots to the leaves
51
What are Phloem tissue in plants
Phloem tissue transports sugars manufactured in the leaves to the rest of the plant.
52
What are Xylem tissues in plants
Xylem tissue conducts water and minerals absorbed by the root cells to every cell in the plant
53
Do Xylem and phloem tissue usually occur together
yes. Xylem and phloem tissue usually occur together, along the length of the plant stems and roots. Both types of tissue are surrounded and supported by other tissue that gives the plant strength. This other tissue has large vacuoles for storing food and water.
54
What are root hairs
These “hairs” are, in fact, extensions of single epidermal cells. Epidermal cells form epidermal tissue, which protects the outside of a plant.
55
What is Transpiration
This loss of water from a plant through evaporation is called transpiration.
56
What process causes water to enter or leave a cell?
Osmosis
57
What is the function of guard cells?
They protect the cell
58
Which tissues conduct sugars in plants?
Phloem tissue
59
Which tissues conduct water in plants?
Xylem tissue
60
How are osmosis and diffusion alike? How are they different?
Osmosis Diffusion
61
Why do cells in your body need to be specialized?
62
Why do nerve cells have long fibres, whereas red blood cells are thin and disklike?

Science 8 (3 decks)

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