Cells Test

Question 1

What is the function of the cell membrane?

Answer 1

Controls what enters and leaves the cell structures. Separates cell contents from the environment.

Question 2

What is the function of the nucleus?

Answer 2

Controls cell activities such as growth and reproduction. Contains DNA.

Question 3

What is the function of the Nuclear envelope?

Answer 3

Separates nucleus from cytoplasm. Tiny holes (nuclear pores) let materials pass into and out of the nucleus.

Question 4

What is chromatin?

Answer 4

It is made of protein (histones) and DNA. It is found in the nucleus.

Question 5

What is the function of DNA?

Answer 5

Contains genetic information

Question 6

What is the full word for DNA?

Answer 6

Deoxyribonucleic Acid

Question 7

What is the function of the nucleolus?

Answer 7

Produces ribosomes

Question 8

What is cytosol?

Answer 8

A protein rich gel/fluid within the cell

Question 9

What is cytoplasm?

Answer 9

Cytosol and organelles (“little organs”. Each has a special function)

Question 10

What is the function of ribosomes?

Answer 10

Makes protein for the cell

Question 11

What is the function of the Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum (SER)?

Answer 11

It makes phospholipids and wraps protein in vesicles which go to the Golgi Apparatus

Question 12

What are phospholipids?

Answer 12

Molecules found in the cell membrane

Question 13

What are vesicles?

Answer 13

Membrane-bound sacs of material

Question 14

What is the function of the Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (Rough ER)?

Answer 14

Transports materials made by the cell such as protein

Question 15

What is the difference between the Smooth ER and the Rough ER?

Answer 15

Ribosomes are attached the the Rough ER, but are not attached to the Smooth ER.

Question 16

What is the function of the Golgi Apparatus?

Answer 16

Packaging and shipping centers of the cell: Receives vesicles from the Smooth ER, modifies the protein, and forms a new vesicle. The new vesicle goes to other organelles or leaves the cell.

Question 17

What is the function of the Mitochondria?

Answer 17

Power plants of the cell: releases energy from stored food. Extensive folding of the inner membrane increases surface area for chemical reactions.

Question 18

What determines the number of mitochondria in a cell?

Answer 18

How active the cell is

Question 19

What are the functions of Chloroplasts?

Answer 19

Plants use these green organelles to make food (glucose) through photosynthesis. Chloroplasts are made of cellulose and give plant cells their blocky shape.

Question 20

What is cellulose?

Answer 20

A polysaccharide (dietary fiber)

Question 21

What is the function of Leucoplasts?

Answer 21

Bonds glucose molecules (monosaccharides) to make starch molecules (polysaccharides).

Question 22

What is the function of Vacuoles?

Answer 22

They are storage areas that usually store water and food for the cell.

Question 23

What is the function of Lysosomes?

Answer 23

They are recycling centers of the cell. Contain digestive enzymes that break down large molecules.

Question 24

What is the function of the Cytoskeleton?

Answer 24

organizing microtubules that serve as the cell’s skeletal system

Question 25

What is the function of the Centrioles?

Answer 25

organizing microtubules that serve as the cell's skeletal system.

Question 26

What is the difference between animal and plant cells?

Answer 26

Animal cells are more round while plant cells are blocky and __________.

Question 27

What is the function of the cell wall in plant cells?

Answer 27

It's protection and gives a blocky teaxture

Question 28

What is the cell membrane made out of?

Question 29

Define Semipermeable

Answer 29

Some things can pass through and some things can not.

Question 30

Label the Animal Cell Diagram: https://docs.google.com/presentation/d/1ahrgDxQ79q1xjTLrbdN9gn6nOAFzDapeox5elw1n9NY/present#slide=id.p

Answer 30

Answers: https://docs.google.com/presentation/d/1ahrgDxQ79q1xjTLrbdN9gn6nOAFzDapeox5elw1n9NY/present#slide=id.g31178bf7d0f_0_15

Question 31

Label the Plant Cell Diagram: https://docs.google.com/presentation/d/1ahrgDxQ79q1xjTLrbdN9gn6nOAFzDapeox5elw1n9NY/present#slide=id.g31178bf7d0f_0_38

Answer 31

Answers: https://docs.google.com/presentation/d/1ahrgDxQ79q1xjTLrbdN9gn6nOAFzDapeox5elw1n9NY/present#slide=id.g31178bf7d0f_0_57

Question 32

What is passive and active transport?

Answer 32

Passive transport: Does not require energy. Active transport: Requires energy.

Question 33

Define diffusion, osmosis, and facilitated diffusion.

Answer 33

Diffusion: The movement of molecules from an area of high concentration of the molecules to an area with a lower concentration. Osmosis: Osmosis is the movement of water molecules from a solution with a high concentration of water molecules to a solution with a lower concentration of water molecules, through a cell's partially permeable membrane. facilitated diffusion: The use of protein channels and carrier proteins, to help molecules move across a cell membrane.

Question 34

Identify hypotonic, hypertonic, and isotonic solutions. Know the direction of water molecule movement and if cells will swell or shrink.

Answer 34

Water will always go from a place with a high concentration of water to a low concentration until it reaches equilibrium. Hypotonic= more water outside the cell than inside which means water will go into the cell and cause it to swell. Hypertonic= more water inside which means the water will leave the cell and cause it to shrink. Isotonic= means both inside and outside the cell have an equal concentration which means no movement.

Question 35

Define osmotic lysis, turgor pressure, and plasmolysis.

Answer 35

Osmotic lysis: The bursting or rupturing of cell membrane Turgor pressure: The pressure in a cell. Plasmolysis: Cell shrinkage

Question 36

What is the role of carrier proteins in active transport?

Answer 36

They allow chemicals to cross the membrane against a concentration gradient or when the phospholipid bilayer of the membrane is impermeable to a chemical.

Question 37

Define endocytosis and exocytosis.

Answer 37

Endocytosis: A process that occurs when a cell moves large materials from inside the cell to the outside of the cell using small spheres of membrane called vesicles. Exocytosis: The process by which cells excrete waste and other large molecules from the cytoplasm to the cell exterior.

Question 38

When can a cell use passive transport?

Answer 38

When a molecule moves down its concentration gradient from high to low concentration.

Question 39

Which transport mechanisms are passive?

Answer 39

There are three passive transportation methods - diffusion, facilitated diffusion, and osmosis.

Question 40

When do cells need to use active transport?

Answer 40

To move substances against a concentration or electrochemical gradient, a cell must use energy.

Question 41

Which transport mechanisms are active?

Answer 41

There are two types of active transport: primary active transport that uses adenosine triphosphate (ATP), and secondary active transport that uses an electrochemical gradient.

Question 42

How does glucose pass through the cell membrane?

Answer 42

Facilitative defusion passes through protein channels.

Question 43

What kinds of molecules can most easily pass through the cell membrane?

Answer 43

Small nonpolar molecules, such as O2 and CO2, are soluble in the lipid bilayer and therefore can readily cross cell membranes.