cells test

Question 1

plasma membrane

Answer 1

outer part of cell, double layered, phospholipids, regulates substances in and out of cell

Question 2

Nucleus

Answer 2

control center, DNA, Chromosomes, nucleolus

Question 3

Ribosomes

Answer 3

protein synthesis, round composed of RNA & proteins, free or attached to ER

Question 4

ER

Answer 4

connects nucleus to cytoplasm

Question 5

rough ER

Answer 5

contains ribosomes, proteins moved into plasma membrane

Question 6

smooth ER

Answer 6

no ribosomes, makes lipids, hormones, & steroids, breaks down chemicals

Question 7

Golgi appartatus

Answer 7

manufactures, packages, sorts, and ships cell secretions, package in vacuoles, produce lysosomes

Question 8

Mitochondria

Answer 8

powerhouse, convert energy from organic molecules into energy for cell (ATP), cell respiration

Question 9

Lysosomes

Answer 9

carry digestive & hydrolytic enzymes, breakdown organelles, cleanup

Question 10

Centrioles

Answer 10

found in MTOC’s, cellular division, produce microtubules in animal cells

Question 11

Vacuoles

Answer 11

fluid filled sacs store water, food, wastes, etc

Question 12

Peroxisomes

Answer 12

detoxify substances, produce H2O2, breakdown into H2O2, built from proteins and lipids in cytosol

Question 13

Cytoskeleton

Answer 13

holds cell together w microtubules & microfilaments, 9 sets

Question 14

Microtubules

Answer 14

protein tubulin-cell division, cilia, flagella, centrioles

Question 15

Cilia & Flagella

Answer 15

threadlike locomotive in singe celled organisms, 9+2 arrangement

Question 16

Chloroplasts

Answer 16

site of photosynthesis, contain chlorophyll, double membrane, plant cells

Question 17

Thylakoid membrane

Answer 17

flattened membranous sacs that are used in light reactions of photo syn.

Question 18

Grana

Answer 18

stack of thylakoids in chloroplasts

Question 19

Stroma

Answer 19

area outside thylakoids

Question 20

Plastids

Answer 20

plant membrane bound oraganelles

Question 21

Amyloplasts

Answer 21

starch storers

Question 22

Chromoplasts

Answer 22

contain pigments other than chlorophyll

Question 23

Microfilaments

Answer 23

thinnest, actin, myosin, muscle contraction

Question 24

Light microscope

Answer 24

focus light into eye, min resolution-bacteria, living cells

Question 25

Electron microscope

Answer 25

better resolution, focus beam of electrons, observe organelles in dead cells

Question 26

TEM

Answer 26

stained with heavy metals for contrast, can see organelles of cells

Question 27

SEM

Answer 27

useful for surface structures, image is 3D

Question 28

Cell fractionation

Answer 28

uses machine to separate organelles for study

Question 29

Prokaryotes

Answer 29

no nuclear membrane, no membrane bound organelles, DNA in nucleoid reigion

Question 30

Eukaryotes

Answer 30

DNA surrounded by nuclear envelope, membrane bound organelles

Question 31

Tubulin Microtubules

Answer 31

thickest, make tracks for proteins to move

Question 32

Actin Microtubules

Answer 32

thinnest, double twisted chain support network, muscle contraction

Question 33

Intermediate Filaments

Answer 33

Middle size, permanent framework hold cell organelles in place