Cells & Tissues (Connective)

Question 1

Elastic fibers

Answer 1

Stretchable but strong fibers made of proteins, elastin and glycoprotein fribrillin. Found in skin, blood vessels and lung tissue.

Question 2

Apipocytes

Answer 2

Fat cells. Store fats. Are found below the skin and around organs (heart, kidney).

Question 3

Eosinophils

Answer 3

WBC that migrate to sites of parasitic infection and allergic responses.

Question 4

Reticular Fibres

Answer 4

Made of collagen and glycoproteins. Provide support in blood vessel walls and form branching networks around various cells (fat, smooth muscle, nerve).
(Made by fibroblasts). Part of the BM.

Question 5

Fibroblasts

Answer 5

Large, flat cells that move through connective tissue and secrete fibers and GS.

Question 6

Collagen Fibres description and location

Answer 6

Strong, flexible bundles of the protein collagen. Bone, cartilage, tendons, ligaments.

Question 7

Loose areolar connective tissue

Answer 7

3 Fibres, packing material.
Strength, Elasticity, Support.
Deep skin, papillary dermis, vessels, nerves, organs.

Question 8

Loose reticular connective tissue

Answer 8

Storms of organs. Structural support, binds, filters.

Kidney, liver, spleen, lymph nodes, bone marrow.

Question 9

Loose adipose connective tissue description.

Answer 9

Contain apipocytes. Central triglyceride droplet. Found with areolar including fibroblasts.

Brown = heat production.
White = ATP storage

Question 10

Loose adipose connective tissue function and location.

Answer 10

Insulation, ATP, temp control.

Subaceous layer of skin, heart, kidneys, yellow marrow, joints padding, eye.

Question 11

Dense regular connective tissue

Answer 11

Shiny white.
Fibroblasts in rows between collagen.
Slow healing, attachment.
Tendons, ligaments, aponeuroses.

Question 12

Dense elastic connective tissue.

Answer 12

Elastic and collagen Fibres.

Lungs, elastic arteries, respiratory system.

Question 13

Irregular dense connective tissue

Answer 13

Collagen Fibres, fibroblasts.
Less GS than loose connective tissue. Not arranged in parallel bundles.
Dermis.
Heart valves, tensile.
Forms perichondrium in cartilage.

Question 14

Hyaline cartilage description

Answer 14

Weak gel with Fibres.
Avascular.
Has costal and articular cartilage.
Chondrocytes found in lacunae surrounded by perichondrium.

Question 15

Fibrocartilage

Answer 15

Chrondrocytes, collagen.
Lacks a perichondrium.
Strongest. Support and joining.
Hip bones, knee, intervertebral discs.

Question 16

Elastic cartilage

Answer 16

Chrondrocytes in elastic Fibres network.
Larynx, ear, auditory tubes.
Strength, elasticity, maintaining structure.
Avascular.

Question 17

Spongy bone

Answer 17

Inner bone tissue.
“Cancellous” bone.
Columns of trabeculae bone with red bone marrow inbetween.
Lacks osteons.

Question 18

Where are osteons found in general?

Answer 18

Aligned along lines of stress.

Question 19

Osteoblasts

Answer 19

Bone-forming

Question 20

Osteogenic

Answer 20

Become osteoblasts.

Mesenchymal stem cells.

Question 21

Osteoclasts

Answer 21

Large, multinucleated.
Break down bone.
Formed from fusion of blood monocytes.

Question 22

Osteocytes

Answer 22

Mature bone cells derived from osteoblasts trapped in ECM.
Gap junctions.
Maintain bone tissue, Exchange of nutrients and waste.

Question 23

Lamellae (little plates)

Answer 23

Concentric rings of mineral salts and collagen.

Salt: hard, Collagen: strong.

Question 24

Canaliculi

Answer 24

Cells (with EC fluid and minute osteocytic processes) that radiate from lacunae.
Provide routes for O2 and CO2, waste. To reach mature bone cells.

Question 25

Central (Haversian) Canal

Answer 25

Blood, lymph, nerves.

Question 26

Lacunae (little lakes)

Answer 26

Small spaces between lamellae. | Contains osteocytes.

Question 27

Hyaline cartilage function and location

Answer 27

Flexibility, movement. | Ribs + respiratory system, growth plates, fetal skeleton.

Question 28

What is in blood plasma?

Answer 28

Formed elements, water and dissolved stuff.

Question 29

What is secreted by the cells in the ECM?

Answer 29

Protein Fibres

Question 30

Dermatan location

Answer 30

Skin, vessels, tendons, heart.

Question 31

Keratin location

Answer 31

Bone, cartilage, cornea.

Question 32

Chondroitan location

Answer 32

Cartilage, bone, skin, vessels, heart valves.

Question 33

Non-Sulphated (Hyaluronic Acid) GAGS

Answer 33

Joined to PGs but not bonded to core protein. | Binds cells, lubricates joints, maintains eyeball shape.

Question 34

GAGS - Hyaluronidase enzyme

Answer 34

Produced by WBC, sperm, bacteria. | Breaks hyaluronic acid to make GS more liquid.

Question 35

Plasma Cells

Answer 35

Made from B-cells. Make antibodies that attack / neutralise. Gastrointestinal system, respiratory system, salivary glands, lymph nodes, spleen.

Question 36

Macrophages (Histiocytes)

Answer 36

Phagocytic. Fixed or wandering. Fixed: dust (lung), kupffer (liver), Langerhans (skin.) Wandering: infection.

Question 37

Leucocytes

Answer 37

WBC. Neutrophils, eosinphils. Migrate out from blood.

Question 38

Mast cells

Answer 38

Release histomine, which dilates blood vessels. Bind to & kill bacteria.

Question 39

Embryonic mucous

Answer 39

Fibroblasts in jelly GS. Fine collagen Fibres. Umbilical cord and foetus.

Question 40

Embryonic mesenchyme

Answer 40

CT cells in semi-fluid GS with reticular Fibres.