Cells, tissues, organs, MRS C GREN, (Y9)

Question 1

Structure of a yeast cell

Answer 1

Nucleus, Cell wall, Cell membrane, vacuole, cytoplasm, ribosomes, mitochondria.

Question 2

Structure of a bacterial cell

Answer 2

Cell wall, cytoplasm, sometimes chloroplasts, ribosomes, mitochondria, flagellum, plasmids, nucleoid DNA, slime layer, peptidoglycan and proteins make cell wall.

Question 3

Structure of a pant cell

Answer 3

Nucleus, cell membrane, cell wall, cytoplasm, vacuole, mitochondria, ribosomes, chloroplasts.

Question 4

Structure of viruses

Answer 4

Envelope, spike on the envelope for attaching to cells, nucleic acid, protein coat

Question 5

Why are viruses non-living?

Answer 5

Viruses are non-living because they cannot perform MRS C GREN on their own. For example, they need a host cell to reproduce.

Question 6

define excretion

Answer 6

Excretion is the removal of toxic metabolilc waste products. E.g. urine and sweat.

Question 7

What is the role of ribosomes?

Answer 7

Ribosomes making proteins through the process of protein synthesis

A two stage process: transcription and translation

Question 8

Number of chloroplast per area in a plant

Answer 8

Chloroplasts are generally in leaves, with most of the chloroplast being in the palisade layer

Question 9

How to calculate magnification?

in a microscope

Answer 9

objective lens X eyepiece

Question 10

MRS C GREN

Answer 10

Movement
Respiration
Sensitivity
Control
Growth
Reproduction
Excretion
Nutrition

Question 11

What is movement?

Answer 11

Not staying in the same position

Question 12

What is respiration?

Answer 12

Release of energy from food

Question 13

What is sensitivity?

Answer 13

Ability to recognise and respond to changes in the environment

Question 14

What is control?

Answer 14

Maintaining a constant internal environment

Question 15

What is growth?

Answer 15

Increasing in size and mass

Question 16

What is reproduction?

Answer 16

Producing offspring

Question 17

What is nutrition?

Answer 17

Either making their own food (e.g. photosynthesis) or eating organisms

Question 18

What is a prokaryotic organism?

Answer 18

A one-cell organism that has no nucleus.

Question 19

What is a eukaryotic organism?

Answer 19

An organism that has multiple cells and a true nucleus.

Question 20

Example of a proctocista?

Answer 20

Mosquitos. Malaria is caused by the plasmodium that mosquitos carry.

Question 21

What is yeast used in making?

Answer 21

Bread, wine and beer

Question 22

What is the equation for anaerobic respiration of yeast?

Answer 22

glucose -> carbon dioxide + ethanol

Question 23

How do yeast reproduce?

Answer 23

asexually

Question 24

examples of fungi

Answer 24

Mucor which causes bread mould and penicillium which produces penicillin (antibiotic)

Question 25

What is mycelium?

Answer 25

Mycelium is a network of thread like structures called hyphae. It can also help trees to communicate

Question 26

What does fungi store carbohydrates as?

Answer 26

Glycogen

Question 27

How does fungi take in nutrients?

Answer 27

Saprotrophic nutrition. Fungi would also use enzymes to break down their food, which then diffuse into the fungi.

Question 28

What is saprotrophic nutrition?

Answer 28

The digestion of dead food material.

Question 29

How do fungi reproduce?

Answer 29

The bodies produce spores, which then land and new hydrae grow mycelium.

Question 30

cell wall of fungi?

Answer 30

Chitin

Question 31

Bacteria shape

Answer 31

Spiral or tubular or cocci

Question 32

How do bacteria reproduce?

Answer 32

Bacteria reproduce asexually through the process binary fission every 20 minutes in warm, moist areas with oxygen.

Question 33

Nutrition in bacteria

Answer 33

Most bacteria use saprotrophic nutrition, though some photosynthesise.

Question 34

What are specialised cells?

Answer 34

Cells that are made for specific purposes

Question 35

What are stem cells?

Answer 35

embryos that grow and eventually become specialised, depending on where they are positioned in the body, which is called differentiation. Embryos are made by diving in a process called mitosis where the DNA is duplicated and then the cell splits

Question 36

Order of size from small to large, starting with cells

Answer 36

cells, tissues, organs, organ systems

Question 37

What is a multinucleate organism?

Answer 37

An organism with several nuclei per cell.

Question 38

# What is an: Organ

Answer 38

A collection of **different** tissues that works together to achieve the same purpose