Cellular adaptations CC Flashcards
causes of left ventricular hypertrophy
hypertension
aortic valve stenosis
hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
Complications of left ventricular hypertrophy
arrythmias, atrial fibrillation, ischaemic heart disease, aortic root dilatation, MI
What is barretts Oesophagus
Stratified squamous epithelium in oesophagus–>gastric glandular epithelium (Simple columnar epithelium with goblet ccells)
What is the name of the cellular adaptation seen in Barretts oesophagus?
metaplasia
Causes of Barretts Oesophagus?
Gastro-oesophageal reflux (acid, bile, pancreatic and intestinal contents)
Symptoms of Barretts Oesophagous
long standing heart burn
Dysphagia
Vomiting blood
unintentional weight loss
Complications of barretts oesophagus
Stricture-->Dysphagia Oesophageal adenocarcinoma(Dysplasia)
What is Traumatic Myositis Ossificans
Calcification in muscle at site of injured muscle
What is benign prostatic hyperplasia?
enlarged prostate gland that occurs with age
What is the macroscopic appearance of benign prostatic hyperplasia
large, discrete, periuretheral nodules(These can compress urethra). Mean size approx 100g
5 complications of benign prostatic hyperplasia
acute urinary retention, UTI, bladder stones, bladder damage, kidney damage
What is psoriasis
Autoimmune disease characterised by red, itchy, scaly skin
Why can widespread psoriasis by severe?
Inability to regulate temp
Describe the macroscopic appearance of psoriasis
scaly, erythrmatous plaques, papules, patches of painful itchy skin
Describe the microscopic appearance of psoriasis
Hyperkeratinosis (Abnormal thickening of outer layer of skin)
Parakeratosis (Persistence of nuclei of keratinocytes as they rise into the horny layer of skin
Neutrophils in the epidermis
Thinning of the epidermis overlying dermal papillae
vessels close to epidermis
