Cellular Componets

Question 1

Plasma Membrane

Answer 1

Protects cell

Question 2

Cytoplasm

Answer 2

Gel-like fluid, separates components

Question 3

Cytosol

Answer 3

Fluid within cytoplasm

Question 4

Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum

Answer 4

Synthesize proteins

Question 5

Smooth Endoplasmic Reticlium

Answer 5

Synthesis of lipids

Question 6

Golgi Apparatus

Answer 6

Prepares substances produced by Endoplasmic Reticulum for secretion outside of cell

Question 7

Lysosome

Answer 7

Digests cellular debris

Question 8

Peroxisome

Answer 8

Neutralizes harmful substances

Question 9

Mitochondria

Answer 9

ATP baby

Question 10

Nucleus

Answer 10

Contains DNA

Question 11

Microtubules

Answer 11

Mitosis

Question 12

Thin Microfilaments

Answer 12

Comprise Protein actin

Question 13

Thick Microfilaments

Answer 13

Comprise protein myosin

Question 14

What is Passive Transport?

Answer 14

Doesn’t require ATP, movement of substances

Question 15

What is active transport?

Answer 15

Requires energy, movement of particles

Question 16

What is endocytosis?

Answer 16

transport large substances into cells

Question 17

What is phagocytosis?

Answer 17

Ingest large particles

Question 18

What is pinocytosis?

Answer 18

Ingest contents of small liquid containing vesicles

Question 19

What is exocytosis?

Answer 19

Extracellular release of products

Question 20

What is a receptor?

Answer 20

Present on surfaces of cell, allow target cell to communicate

Question 21

What are ligands?

Answer 21

Signaling molecules, begins process of communication

Question 22

What is signal transduction?

Answer 22

Process of communication

Question 23

What is binding affinity?

Answer 23

Strength of binding

Question 24

What is paracrine signaling?

Answer 24

Ligand binding to receptors that result in signal transduction

Question 25

What is endocrine signaling?

Answer 25

When signal transduction affects cell behavior within entire organism

Question 26

What is atrophy?

Answer 26

Decrease in individual cell seize

Question 27

What causes atrophy?

Answer 27

Immobilization and active muscle movement impaired

Question 28

What is ischemia?

Answer 28

decreased oxygen supply to cell

Question 29

What is hypertrophy?

Answer 29

Increase in cell size

Question 30

What causes hypertrophy?

Answer 30

Increased growth signals, increased demand, strength building

Question 31

What is hyperplasia?

Answer 31

Increase in cell number

Question 32

What causes hyperplasia?

Answer 32

hormone signaling, increased workload, puberty

Question 33

What is metaplasia?

Answer 33

changing of one cell type to another

Question 34

What is the cause of metaplasia?

Answer 34

persistent stressors (smoke exposure)

Question 35

What is dysplasia?

Answer 35

Change in cell size, shape, arrangement, structure

Question 36

What is the cause of dysplasia

Answer 36

Chronic or persistent stressor

Question 37

What is apoptosis?

Answer 37

programmed cell death

Question 38

What is necrosis?

Answer 38

Death of cells related to cell injury

Question 39

What causes cell death?

Answer 39

Infection, mechanical or thermal injury, deficit injury, or toxins (TIPS)

Question 40

What are endogenous toxins

Answer 40

Toxins within the body

Question 41

What are exogenous toxins

Answer 41

Toxins from external enviorment

Question 42

What is deficit injury?

Answer 42

cell is deprived of oxygen, hydration, and nutrition

Question 43

What is the TIPS acronym for causes of cell death

Answer 43

Toxins, infections, physical injury, serum deficit injury

Question 44

What is oxidative stress?

Answer 44

cells are exposed to reactive oxygen species