Cellular control

Question 1

What is the primary function of cellular control?

Answer 1

To regulate gene expression and ensure proper cell function.

Question 2

True or False: Gene expression is a one-step process.

Answer 2

False

Question 3

Fill in the blank: The sequence of DNA that codes for a protein is called a _____.

Answer 3

gene

Question 4

What are transcription factors?

Answer 4

Proteins that help regulate the transcription of specific genes.

Question 5

Multiple Choice: Which of the following is NOT a level of gene regulation? A) Transcriptional B) Translational C) Post-translational D) Cytoplasmic

Answer 5

D) Cytoplasmic

Question 6

What is the role of RNA polymerase?

Answer 6

To synthesize RNA from a DNA template during transcription.

Question 7

True or False: Enhancers are DNA sequences that increase the likelihood of transcription.

Answer 7

True

Question 8

What is a promoter?

Answer 8

A region of DNA where transcription begins.

Question 9

Fill in the blank: The process by which RNA is synthesized from a DNA template is called _____.

Answer 9

transcription

Question 10

Multiple Choice: Which of the following processes occurs after transcription? A) Translation B) Replication C) Mitosis D) Cell division

Answer 10

A) Translation

Question 11

What is the function of ribosomes in protein synthesis?

Answer 11

To facilitate the translation of mRNA into a polypeptide chain.

Question 12

True or False: All genes are expressed at all times in a cell.

Answer 12

False

Question 13

What is alternative splicing?

Answer 13

A process that allows a single gene to code for multiple proteins by varying the arrangement of exons.

Question 14

Fill in the blank: The end product of translation is a _____.

Answer 14

protein

Question 15

What is the role of the promoter in gene expression?

Answer 15

It serves as the binding site for RNA polymerase to initiate transcription.

Question 16

Multiple Choice: Which of the following is a post-transcriptional modification? A) Addition of a poly-A tail B) DNA replication C) RNA splicing D) A and C

Answer 16

D) A and C

Question 17

What is the function of the lac operon?

Answer 17

To regulate the metabolism of lactose in bacteria.

Question 18

True or False: A mutation in a regulatory gene can affect the expression of other genes.

Answer 18

True

Question 19

Fill in the blank: The genetic code is read in groups of three nucleotides called _____.

Answer 19

codons

Question 20

What is the significance of the 5’ cap on mRNA?

Answer 20

It protects mRNA from degradation and assists in ribosome binding.

Question 21

Multiple Choice: Which type of RNA carries amino acids to the ribosome? A) mRNA B) tRNA C) rRNA D) siRNA

Answer 21

B) tRNA

Question 22

What is a silent mutation?

Answer 22

A mutation that does not change the amino acid sequence of a protein.

Question 23

True or False: Operons are found only in eukaryotic cells.

Answer 23

False

Question 24

Fill in the blank: The process of converting mRNA into a functional protein is called _____.

Answer 24

translation

Question 25

What is the role of transcriptional repressors?

Answer 25

To inhibit gene expression by binding to specific DNA sequences.

Question 26

What are introns?

Answer 26

Non-coding regions of a gene that are removed during RNA processing.

Question 27

True or False: Eukaryotic genes are often organized into operons.

Answer 27

False

Question 28

Fill in the blank: The proteins that bind to enhancers are known as _____.

Answer 28

activators

Question 29

What is gene expression?

Answer 29

The process by which information from a gene is used to synthesize a functional gene product, usually a protein.

Question 30

Multiple Choice: Which of the following best describes a point mutation? A) A change in a single nucleotide B) A deletion of a segment of DNA C) An insertion of a segment of DNA D) A rearrangement of chromosomes

Answer 30

A) A change in a single nucleotide

Question 31

What are the three types of mutation within DNA?

Answer 31

Insertion, deletion, or substitution

Question 32

What is a gene mutation?

Answer 32

A change in the base sequence of DNA - may lead to an altered polypeptide.