Cellular immune effectors Flashcards
(37 cards)
how long lived are alveolar macrophages?
LONG-LIVED CELLS
where are alveolar macrophages found?
- resident within the lung
- specifically, in the LUMEN OF THE BRONCHI & ALVEOLI
what roles do alveolar macrophages have?
1) phagocytic
= white cells actively ingest & kill invading microbes
2) microbicidal functions
3) secrete inflammatory mediators
4) present microbial antigens to lymphocytes
how long lived are neutrophils?
SHORT-LIVED CELLS
what type of cells are they?
they are circulating white cells
what type of nucleus do neutrophils have?
multi-lobulated nucleus
what are neutrophils main function?
phagocytosis
- main role is to kill invading microbes, especially extracellular bacteria
what does the bone marrow do during an infection?
they reduce a large number of neutrophils, hence why the blood’s white cell count is increased
where do neutrophils migrate from and to during infection & inflammation?
they migrate from the blood to the site of infection/inflammation
what is the size of monocytes like compared to other circulating white cells?
monocles are the LARGEST CIRCULATING WHITE CELL
what is the nucleus of monocytes like and what function does the nucleus have?
- bean shapes/notched
- the nucleus replenishes & supports tissue macrophage populations
where do monocytes migrate to dying infection or inflammation?
they migrate to the lungs
what does the process of migrating to the lungs stimulate?
stimulates monocytes to mature into phagocytic macrophages or into dendritic cells
where are dendritic cells found?
within the MUCOSA OF THE LUNGS
what is their main role?
- NOT TO KILL MICROBES but to stimulate an adaptive immune response to infection
why do dendritic cells have long cellular extensions?
to sample airway content
where are mast cells found?
lung mucosa
what do mast cells bind to their surface?
they bind IgE antibodies to their surface
IgE = antibody central to allergic reactions
what is mast cells primary function?
central role in allergic reactions
what molecules do mast cells respond to and how do they recognise them?
- they respond to molecules that induce allergic responses
- they are recognised by cell-surface bound IgE
give 2 examples of inflammatory mediators that are released.
1) histamine
2) interleukin-2
what does the release of these mediators cause?
1) vasodilation
2) lymphocyte recruitment to the affected area
how common are eosinophils?
they are very uncommon white cells
where are eosinophils found?
found within the blood, lymph nodes, lymph tissue
