Cellular injury

Question 1

5 causes of cell injury

Answer 1

Inflammation
Nutritional deficiency or excess
Hypoxia
Trauma
Genetic Mutations

Question 2

Definition of hypoxia

Answer 2

low oxygen delivery in tissue

Question 3

Causes of hypoxia

Answer 3

Ischemia
Hypoxemia
Decreased O2- carrying capacity of blood

Question 4

What is Budd chiari syndrome

Answer 4

Thrombosis of hepatic vein

Question 5

Most common cause of Budd Chiari Syndrome

Answer 5

Polycythemia Vera

Other no so common but also: lupus anticoagulant

Question 6

Causes of ischemia

Answer 6

Block in arterial flow
Block of venous flow
Shock

Question 7

Meaning of hypoxemia

Answer 7

Low partial pressure of O@ in blood

Question 8

Causes of decrease of PAO2?

Answer 8

Hypoventilation

COPD

Question 9

How intersticial fibrosis of the lungs can change the partial pressures of O2?

Answer 9

Decrease PaO2

Decrease SaO2

Question 10

Partial O2 Pressures in anemia

Answer 10

PaO2 normal

SaO2 normal

Question 11

Partial O2 Pressures in CO poisoning

Answer 11

PaO2 normal

SaO2 decreased

Question 12

Fire fighter comes to the ER after doing his job, he complain of a headache. What is your probable diagnosis

Answer 12

CO poisoning

Question 13

Where you can get CO poisoning?

Answer 13

Smoke of fires
Exhaust from cars
Gas heaters

Question 14

Classic finding of CO poisoning and why?

Answer 14

Cherry red appeareance of skin

Hb tightly bound that reflects red light

Question 15

Patient VIH in treatment with TMP SMX with low SaO2. Denies respiratory symptoms. Possible diagnosis

Answer 15

Methemoglobinemia due to sulfas

Question 16

In what patients you can see met hemoglobinemia

Answer 16

Newborns

Patients in treatment with sulfate and nitrate drug

Question 17

Treatment of methemoglobinemia

Answer 17

IV methylene blue

Question 18

Consequence of Hypoxia

Answer 18

1. Impairs oxidative phosphorylation
2. Decrease ATP
3. Cell injury

Question 19

Consequence of Low ATP

Answer 19

1. Disrupts key cellular function
   Na- K Pump
   Ca pump
   Change to anaerobic glycolisis and production of lactic acid

Question 20

Function of lactic acid within the cell

Answer 20

Decrease Ph within cell

Precipitation of DNA and proteins

Question 21

To say a injury is reversible it must have

Answer 21

Cellular Swelling

Decrease in protein synthesis

Question 22

Cellular swelling causes

Answer 22

Loss of microvilli
membrane blebbing
swelling of RER– decrease in protein synthesis

Question 23

Membrane damage is a ______ injury

Answer 23

IRREVERSIBLE injury

Question 24

Name the membranes that are damaged in hypoxia

Answer 24

Plasma membrane
Mitochondrial membrane
Lysosomal membrane

Question 25

Where is located the electron transport chain?

Answer 25

In the inner mitochondrial membrane

Question 26

What hemeprotein can cause cell apoptosis and where it is found?

Answer 26

Cytochrome C | In the inner mitochondrial membrane

Question 27

Elevated Troponin I is related to what membrane damage

Answer 27

Plasma membrane of myocytes

Question 28

End Result of irreversible injury

Answer 28

Cell death

Question 29

What agent mixed with lysosomal enzymes enhanced its power.

Answer 29

Calcium

Question 30

Classic finding of methemoglobinemia

Answer 30

Cyanosis with chocolate colored blood