Cellular Metabolism and Enzymes

Question 1

necessary components in the human diet

Answer 1

vitamins

Question 2

Gibbs free-energy change is of a react is determined by – properties of the reactants and products

Answer 2

intrinsic

Question 3

Gibbs free-energy change is of a react is determined by – and –of the reactants and products

Answer 3

concentrations and temperature

Question 4

Gibbs free-energy change of ATP to ADP and Pi is

Answer 4

-7.3 kcal/mole

Question 5

the active site of an enzyme is where – is bound

Answer 5

prosthetic group

Question 6

the active site of an enzyme is where – occurs for zymogens

Answer 6

proteolysis

Question 7

prosthetic group is a tightly bound chemical compound that is required for the enzyme’s catalytic activity and it is often involved at the –

Answer 7

active site

Question 8

– are inactive enzyme precursors that require biochemical change to become an active enzyme; this change is usually a proteolysis reaction that reveals the active site

Answer 8

zymogens

Question 9

hydrolysis of ATP to ADP and phosphate allows glucose-6-phosphate to be synthesized from glucose and phosphate because enzymatic – of these two reactions allows the energy of ATP hydrolysis to drive the synthesis of glucose-6-phosphate

Answer 9

coupling

Question 10

T/F: protein function can be altered by modification after synthesis

Answer 10

true

Question 11

alcoholic fermentation and aerobic oxidation of pyruvate both have – as a product

Answer 11

CO2

Question 12

glucose and fructose have different – properties even with the same molecular formula

Answer 12

chemical

Question 13

ATP = nucleotide = adenosine + - + three phosphate groups

Answer 13

ribose

Question 14

alpha helix is – or spiral conformation

Answer 14

right-handed coiled

Question 15

in an alpha helix, every backbone amino group donates a – to form a hydrogen bond with one of the lone pairs of electrons from the backbone carbonyl group of another amino acid four residues earlier

Answer 15

partial positive hydrogen

Question 16

In cellular respiration, – is the final electron acceptor

Answer 16

O2

Question 17

electrons are passed from – during the final stage of the ETC

Answer 17

cytochrome carriers

Question 18

glycolysis occurs in

Answer 18

cytoplasm

Question 19

Krebs cycle occurs in

Answer 19

mitochondrial matrix

Question 20

ETC occurs in

Answer 20

mitochondrial inter membrane space

Question 21

in prokaryotes, cellular respiration occurs in

Answer 21

cytoplasm

Question 22

Km is the concentration of substrate at –

Answer 22

half the max reaction velocity

Question 23

Km – when the antibody binds to the substrate

Answer 23

increases

Question 24

when only the amount of available substrate changes, Vmax –

Answer 24

doesn’t change

Question 25

binding to substrate has no affect on Vmax but affects – because the amount of available substrate is reduced, which alters the reaction kinetics because it binds to substrate

Answer 25

Km

Question 26

the purpose of fermentation is to regenerate the high-energy nucleotide intermediate of –

Answer 26

NAD+

Question 27

Acid hydrolysis partial destruction of – prevents the proper estimate of the – concentration

Answer 27

tryptophan

Question 28

Acid hydrolysis conversion of asparagine into – prevents the direct measure of asparagine

Answer 28

aspartic acid

Question 29

Acid hydrolysis conversion of – to glutamic acid

Answer 29

glutamine

Question 30

glucose –> – –> fats –> proteins

Answer 30

other carbohydrates

Question 31

T/F: there is no protein storage in the body

Answer 31

true

Question 32

catabolism of protein results in – and connective tissue breakdown which is harmful in the long term

Answer 32

muscle wasting